Diabetes Care in the Adolescent
Jack L. Leahy, Nathaniel G. Clark, William T. Cefalu in Medical Management of Diabetes Mellitus, 2000
During adolescence, tremendous changes occur in many areas of development. It is a period of rapid physical growth and maturity that may or may not be pleasing to the padent. Puberty itself can be traumatic for many individuals. Puberty also has a major effect on diabetes, as insulin requirements increase secondary to the insulin resistance that occurs during puberty. Issues surrounding weight and perceived body image can become very complicated, particularly in the adolescent girl. The adolescent is changing intellectually as well, and with this increase in knowledge and maturity can come new understanding and fears about the realities of having diabetes. On the other hand, with the changes in intellect and maturity comes an opportunity to help adolescents take increasing responsibility for the management of his or her diabetes, as they now have the capacity to understand the theoretical basis and importance of healthy behaviors.
Pubertal Development and Menarche
Jane M. Ussher, Joan C. Chrisler, Janette Perz in Routledge International Handbook of Women’s Sexual and Reproductive Health, 2019
In addition, adolescents can be very impulsive, influenced more at times by an immediate reward than longer-term consideration of the results of an action (Steinberg & Scott, 2003). During puberty the limbic system, which includes the amygdala, contributes to the experience of intense emotions, including both fear and pleasure. It develops sooner than the prefrontal cortex, which contributes to reflection and analysis and is not thought to develop fully until the mid-20s. As a result, and especially during early puberty, emotions can and often do drive adolescents’ actions and reactions. Steinberg, Cauffman, Woolard, Graham, and Banich (2009) reported that psychosocial maturity is distinct from general cognitive maturity and develops later in adolescence. They suggested that cognitive problem solving as unhurried logical reflection develops by about age 16. Problem solving that requires the coordination of both affect and more advanced executive functioning, especially in emotional situations or when decisions must be made more quickly, develops later. Their work implies that adolescents younger than 16 may indeed be able to apply deductive reasoning in many situations, but we should not expect them to be able do so in socioemotional situations until later in development. Finally, it should also be recognized that early adolescents, like children in middle childhood, are more likely to rely on concrete, as opposed to abstract, deductive thinking.
Young key populations in Southern Africa
Kaymarlin Govender, Nana K. Poku in Preventing HIV Among Young People in Southern and Eastern Africa, 2020
The research on young people who are members of key populations is central here because of the youthful “demographic bulge” of the countries of the SADC region and also because of the specific sets of determinants which affect young people’s health outcomes particularly. In all five countries studied here, as in the region more generally, the majority of the population is under 25 years old. The health of these young people is thus central for the future health of the country and the region. A focus on young people is also necessary and justified by a life-course approach to health, which makes it evident that poor sexual and reproductive health during this period of life will have severe ongoing consequences for the whole of an individual’s lifespan. The complex physical, psychological, emotional and social changes that take place during adolescence have immediate and long-term implications for individuals. For example, the onset of puberty is linked to the initiation of sexual activity and subsequent exposure to the risk of pregnancy and STIs, including HIV. Awareness of sexual orientation and gender identity may emerge or become clearer during this period. Social determinants of health are also very specific to the period of adolescence and early adulthood, with an increased influence of family and peer networks (Viner et al., 2012).
Childbirth Self-Efficacy and Childbirth Expectation of Adolescent Mothers in Indonesia
Published in Comprehensive Child and Adolescent Nursing, 2019
Veronica Yeni Rahmawati, Imami Nur Rachmawati, Tri Budiati
The age of adolescents who are still in the process of forming an identity must face the birth process. This will affect the expectation of the mother in the face of childbirth. Adolescent age is a transition period from children to early adulthood who still have the responsibility to complete their developmental tasks. The transition process can be influenced by the mother’s own beliefs in the process of childbirth, this can affect the mental health and welfare of the mother. Adolescent mothers have a tendency to be passive in preparing for childbirth so that the childbirth process is considered a stressful and painful experience(Iravani et al., 2015). This causes adolescent mothers who are not sure in preparing for childbirth to have low childbirth expectations (Ip et al., 2003). Adolescent mothers need help and assistance in empowering themselves especially in terms of making decisions, self-confidence, solve the problem, critical thinking, developing interpersonal skills, empathy, stress coping adaptation, and controlling emotions(Choudhary, Saxena, & Kaushal, 2016).
Home-Based Sexuality Education in Ghana: The Perspectives of Adolescents and Parents
Published in International Journal of Sexual Health, 2022
Jessica Osei Owusu, Joana Salifu Yendork, Joseph Osafo
Adolescence is a stage of development that comes with sexual discovery, exploration, and risk-taking behaviors (Chambers et al., 2016). Most adolescents during this stage go through a series of changes and transition from childhood life to adulthood life (Backes & Bonnie, 2019). Most adolescents experience growth in height and overall body changes such as the growth of pubic hair, development of breasts among girls, and development of muscles and deep voice among boys (Sawyer et al., 2012). Biological changes in male and female sexual characteristics come along with various problems (Kar et al., 2015). They are sometimes confused about the new transitions going on in their life. This confused state could serve as a driving force to propel them to fetch for various information to understand their current development (Azh et al., 2017). In their quest to understand their transition period, some of these youths are sometimes misinformed, thereby raising their concerns about the possibility of contracting various forms of diseases. Others also see this transition as an opportunity to explore by engaging in varying kinds of sexual activities and illicit drugs (WHO, 2020).
Adolescent development and psychosocial functioning after starting cross-sex hormones for gender dysphoria
Published in Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 2020
Riittakerttu Kaltiala, Elias Heino, Marja Työläjärvi, Laura Suomalainen
Adolescence starts from puberty and ends approximately ten years later with the consolidation of adulthood personality structures [1,2]. The upsurge of steroid hormones in puberty initiates the maturation of the reproductive system and secondary sexual characteristics, and also vast structural and functional developments in the brain [3]. These biological changes are accompanied by extensive cognitive, emotional and social changes characteristic of adolescent development. The psychosocial developmental tasks of adolescence comprise sexual maturation (including adopting to the sexually maturing body and becoming capable of mutually satisfying, reciprocal romantic and sexual relationships), achieving independence from parents, and assuming an identity and responsible social role [1,4–6].
Related Knowledge Centers
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- Heredity
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- Respiratory System
- Developmental Biology
- Psychology
- Development of The Human Body
- Preadolescence