Towards a matrix of public action in Africa
Eboko Fred in Public Policy Lessons from the AIDS Response in Africa, 2020
Public action in the education area follows the same timeline as the matrix of action in Africa described. The publication was part of the more general development framework for natural resource management. Multinational companies depend on African public authorities, through patron–client relationships that say much about States whose agents use their positions for a personal gain that eventually becomes a political resource. Transnational public action against AIDS, particularly in Africa, illustrates more general political processes. Few examples of transnational public action validate the role of “concerned parties” or “stakeholders” in the field of AIDS as much as does that of the so-called “sero-concerned”. The anthropologist Laurent Vidal was a precursor in approaching tuberculosis through the dual viewpoint of the social sciences and its intersection with public health. Drug-resistant tuberculosis is a constant danger for public and individual health, a ticking time bomb of sorts.
Antituberculosis Drugs
Julian J. Miller in CRC Handbook of Ototoxicity, 2019
The continued decline in tuberculosis mortality, which began in the middle of the last century, has probably been due to a conglomerate of reasons, not least of which was the advent of streptomycin treatment in 1941. This must, however, be seen in its correct context since one of the major reasons for the decline in tuberculosis is that of improved living conditions and a greater social awareness. Cawthorne and Ranger reviewed 22 patients between 1951 and 1956 who had received less than 20 g total dose of streptomycin but in whom there were signs of both balance disorders and a hearing loss. They noted that the symptoms of intoxication were unlikely to appear on a daily regime of 0.5 g streptomycin or less, although it was appreciated that in certain tuberculosis infections treatment may necessitate at least 1 g/day. The recognition of streptomycin-induced ototoxicity resulted in the introduction in the early 1950s of dihydrostreptomycin.
Magnitude Of The Evil:
Arthur Newsholme in The Prevention of Tuberculosis, 2015
Being an infective disease, tuberculosis comes into the same category as the infectious diseases. Large sums of money very properly are spent each year in the prevention of these diseases; hitherto but little has of set purpose been spent on measures for the prevention of tuberculosis. People may, therefore, with advantage consider, in the first place, the relative magnitude of these different causes of death. In the registrar-general's returns for England and Wales other diseases than those enumerated above are classified as infective, that is, produced by infection received from without. In 1904 the death-rate in England and Wales from phthisis was 1.46 per 1000 of population among males and 1.03 per 1000 among females. The significance of the different age distribution of the phthisis death-rate in the two sexes will be subsequently considered. Phthisis is not the only fatal disease due to tuberculous infection.
Tuberculous flexor tenosynovitis around the wrist causing massive tendon disruption: a case report
Published in Modern Rheumatology Case Reports, 2019
Mitsuhiko Takahashi, Tetsuya Hirano, Kenji Kondo, Tadashi Mitsuhashi
Tuberculous tenosynovitis is extremely infrequent as compared with other types of tuberculous infection. We report the case of an 83-year-old woman who presented with a 10-month indolent course of tuberculous flexor tenosynovitis around the wrist. A surgical tenosynovectomy was performed and it was found that all the flexor tendons that pass through the carpal tunnel were disrupted. Such massive tendon disruption due to tuberculous tenosynovitis has not been reported previously. Anti-tuberculosis therapy was continued for over 1 year and definite recurrence was not found as of 2.5 years after the operation. Tuberculous tenosynovitis is usually associated with significant delay in diagnosis. This case emphasizes the need to be aware of the potential for tuberculous infection in any part of the musculoskeletal system.
An uncommon cause of sciatic pain: tuberculous osteomyelitis of the ischial tuberosity
Published in Acta Clinica Belgica, 2017
Pieter De Mulder, Charlotte Harth, Louis Ide, Jurgen Vallaeys, Nick Baelde, Thomas De Bo
A 66-year-old Caucasian female presented with insidious sciatic pain leading to an uncommon diagnosis of tuberculous osteomyelitis with unknown portal entry. The patient did not report a history of a previous tuberculosis (TB) infection and her chest X-ray was negative for TB. Considering TB in the differential diagnosis of a ‘bone abscess’, it is of paramount importance to come to a correct diagnosis. Conventional radiographs still remain the first-line imaging modality for evaluation of skeletal symptomatology. However, biopsies or aspirates are often needed to yield the definitive diagnosis. The lack of awareness of the potential extrapulmonary involvement of TB leads to an important delay in diagnosis and treatment. Antituberculous drugs should be started at the time of biopsy and continued during 12–18 months, due to poor drug penetration into osseous and fibrous tissues.
Chronic tuberculous empyema in an 8-year-old boy
Published in Paediatrics and International Child Health, 2020
Yang Wen, Yu Zhu, Zongrong Gong, Min Shu, Chaomin Wan
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) as a causative organism of empyema thoracis is rare, especially in children. An 8-year-old boy with tuberculous empyema and no history of contact with tuberculosis presented with minimal symptoms other than mild deformity of the chest wall. He had been vaccinated with bacillus Calmette–Guérin. A chest CT scan demonstrated intrathoracic lymphadenopathy, thickened and calcified pleural rind and rib thickening adjacent to the empyema. The diagnosis was confirmed by post-operative histopathological examination, positive acid-fast stains and DNA PCR. In countries with a high burden of tuberculosis, MTB should be considered in the differential diagnosis of empyema despite minimal symptoms.
Related Knowledge Centers
- HIV Infections
- Infectious Disease
- Mycobacterium
- Mycobacterium Infections
- Mycobacterium Bovis
- Antitubercular Agents
- Tb