Phytomedicines Targeting Antibiotic Resistance through Quorum Sensing and Biofilm Formation Associated with Acne Vulgaris
Namrita Lall in Medicinal Plants for Cosmetics, Health and Diseases, 2022
As commensal bacteria, S. epidermidis and C. acnes play essential roles in protecting the skin from pathogenic microbes in two ways, indirectly and directly. These commensal bacteria compete with pathogens for resources such as space and nutrients, limiting the growth of these harmful microorganisms. Directly, commensal bacteria produce antimicrobial compounds called bacteriocins that directly restrict the growth of the pathogens. These proteinaceous factors inhibit the growth of closely related bacterial species, but with no effect on the organism that produces them. Staphylococcus epidermidis is a skin commensal bacteria, as well as an opportunistic pathogen, and it has been shown to cause serious infections in humans. The bacteria releases several bacteriocins that inhibit the growth of various pathogens, including one within the same genus, Staphylococcus aureus (Sanford and Gallo, 2013).
Station 3: Cardiology
Saira Ghafur, Parminder K Judge, Richard Kitchen, Samuel Blows, Fiona Moss in The MRCP PACES Handbook, 2017
What are the common organisms in infective endocarditis? Streptococcus viridans.Staphylococcus aureus (common in IVDUs).Staphylococcus epidermidis.Enterococcus.Staphylococcal endocarditis has the worst prognosis, streptococcal the best.Other causative organisms include Streptococcus bovisHACEK group (Haemophilus species, Actinobacillus, Cardiobacterium, Eikenella, and Kingella)PseudomonasCoxiella burnettiFungal infections
Complications of Open Arterial Vascular Surgery
Stephen M. Cohn, Matthew O. Dolich in Complications in Surgery and Trauma, 2014
The incidence of aortic graft infection is less than 5% [25]. It is higher in emergency cases or those where the graft extends to the groins [26]. Symptoms can range from sepsis to anastomotic pseudoaneurysms to non-specific complaints such as malaise and weight loss. For late presentation, a CT scan is helpful in the diagnosis, whereas in early infections, CT scan is not as helpful. The most common organism is Staphylococcus spp. Staphylococcus epidermidis causes more indolent late appearing infections. Staphylococcus aureus can cause acute or more chronic infections. Preventive measures include careful sterile technique, prophylactic antibiotics, and extensions to the groins only when necessary. A variety of treatment options have been devised for aortic graft infection [27], ranging from total graft excision with axillobifemoral bypass, replacement of the graft with homograft or superficial femoral vein grafts, to a combination of serial debridements, antibiotic beads placements, and eventual muscle flaps for infections localized to the groins. Mortality and morbidity in terms of limb loss remain very high. Choice of treatment depends on time of presentation, systemic manifestations, degree of ischemia, and the microbiology of the infection.
sesA, sesB, sesC, sesD, sesE, sesG, sesH, and embp genes are genetic markers that differentiate commensal isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis from isolates that cause prosthetic joint infection
Published in Infectious Diseases, 2019
Silvestre Ortega-Peña, Carlos F. Vargas-Mendoza, Rafael Franco-Cendejas, Alejandra Aquino-Andrade, Guillermo J. Vazquez-Rosas, Gabriel Betanzos-Cabrera, Claudia Guerrero-Barajas, Janet Jan-Roblero, Sandra Rodríguez-Martínez, Mario E. Cancino-Diaz, Juan C. Cancino Diaz
Staphylococcus epidermidis is a common inhabitant of the skin and mucous membranes, but in recent decades, S. epidermidis has become interesting due to its high frequency of isolation in hospital-acquired infections [1]. The main vehicles to cause infection are medical devices, such as prosthesis, catheters, heart valves, and contact lenses [1–3]. To find determinant biomarkers for S. epidermidis isolates from nosocomial infections different strategies are applied. Some determinant biomarkers of S. epidermidis are biofilm formation, antibiotic resistance, and the presence of the ica genes, which encode exopolysaccharides for biofilm formation [4]. However, the molecular genotyping of S. epidermidis isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multilocus sequence typing, staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec type assignment [5] and whole genome sequencing [6] exhibit high genetic diversity, which makes difficult to discriminate between opportunistic pathogenic strains and commensal strains of S. epidermidis.
Bioactivity and pharmacological properties of α-mangostin from the mangosteen fruit: a review
Published in Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents, 2018
Guoqing Chen, Yong Li, Wei Wang, Liping Deng
Staphylococcus epidermidis is beyond its local homeostasis characteristics on human skin as a commensal flora; it has been well recognized for the most frequent cause of health-care-associated bloodstream infections and biomaterial-associated infections. Sivaranjani et al. [41] investigated the rapid killing efficacy of α-MG on planktonic cells of S. epidermidis by performing time kill curve assay. As anticipated, α-MG displayed rapid concentration-dependent killing of S. epidermidis cells at concentrations above 4× MIC (5 g/mL) and 2× MIC (2.5 μg/mL) of α-MG, achieving 6 and 4-log reduction of viable count within 5 min of exposure time, respectively. Less than 2-log reduction of viable counts was achieved while treating with 1× MIC (1.25 g/mL) of α-MG.
How to best manage a patient with Bacillus endophthalmitis: current insights
Published in Expert Review of Ophthalmology, 2021
Amin Ahmadi, Mohammad Soleimani, Ali A. Haydar, Shima Moslemi Haghighi
Endophthalmitis is a highly devastating intraocular infection that frequently leads to blindness. If not treated adequately, endophthalmitis can progress to panophthalmitis – necessitating evisceration or enucleation of the eye. Endophthalmitis can be categorized into postoperative, post-traumatic, or endogenous [1]. In a major review on the microbial causes of endophthalmitis, 85.1% of pathogens were identified as gram-positive bacteria, 10.3% gram-negative, and 4.6% fungi [2]. Overall, Staphylococcus epidermidis is the most common identified pathogen [2]. Acute postoperative endophthalmitis and post intravitreal endophthalmitis are most caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis, whereas Staphylococci and Bacillus cereus are the most common cause of posttraumatic endophthalmitis [1,3,4]. The prevalence of posttraumatic endophthalmitis ranges from 0.9% to 11.9% [5–8], with much higher figures in case of intraocular foreign body (IOFB) injuries, 6.9% to 30% [9–11]. Endogenous endophthalmitis is mainly caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococci when associated with endocarditis, and by Klebsiella pneumoniae when associated with liver abscess. Endogenous fungal endophthalmitis is common in hospitalized patients, mainly due to Candida albicans [1].
Related Knowledge Centers
- Anaerobic Organism
- Microbiome
- Skin Flora
- Immune System
- Catheter
- Staphylococcus
- Gram-Positive Bacteria
- Species
- Pathogenic Bacteria
- Hospital-Acquired Infection