The Place of Primary Cardiac Stress Damage in the Pathogenesis of Arrhythmias, Ischemic Disease, and Sudden Cardiac Death
Felix Z. Meerson in Adaptive Protection of The Heart: Protecting Against Stress and Ischemic Damage, 2019
This chapter discusses the experimental data on the role of cardiac stress damage in the pathogenesis of arrhythmias and sudden death. The conventional idea of the place of stress in the pathogenesis of arrhythmias and sudden death is that man is most open to the influence of mainly biosocial stressful situations which he either enters himself or is put in by social circumstances. Researchers concerned with the place of stress in arrhythmias, fibrillation, and cardiac arrest never fail to mention that the literary heritage provides us with numerous examples of sudden cardiac death of apparently healthy people brought about by acute stressful situations. Indeed, a number of researchers who had studied susceptible animals in drastic stress situations observed not only vagal bradycardia, but asystolia and cardiac arrest. Much more vivid stress disturbances of cardiac rhythm and conduction in some of these people were brought on not by simulation or real flight, but by a qualitatively different stress situation.
Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis: Bone Marrow Reconstitution, Total Lymphoid Irradiation, and Plasma Exchange
Stuart D. Cook in Handbook of Multiple Sclerosis, 2001
I. INTRODUCTION The relative inadequacy of the treatments currently available for multiple sclerosis (MS) reflects, in large measure, our naı¨ve understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease and the nature of its progression (1). Despite the vast amount of research (reviewed in Chap. 7) and the strong circumstantial evidence that MS is an autoimmune disease, it must be conceded that the study of immunological abnormalities in vitro has yielded little insight into the pathogenesis of the disease. There has been a penchant to interpret the disease process in the context of the latest immunological assays, be they for a new cytokine, adhesion molecule, or lymphocyte subset. Often interesting at the moment of publication, remarkably few of these observations have left insightful legacies. Few observations appear to be reproducible.
Primary Stress Damage of the Heart
Felix Z. Meerson in Adaptive Protection of The Heart: Protecting Against Stress and Ischemic Damage, 2019
This chapter discusses disturbances of metabolism, structure, and function after the cessation of stress; hence they are not just a reaction to stress, but relatively stable sequelae of a damage inflicted during stress. It also discusses that adrenergic and parasympathetic regulation are known to be most widely represented in the cardiac conducting system, which is also the most dependent for its energy provision on glycolysis profoundly upset in stress. The chapter provides some possible means of protection against the stress damage stemming from the concept of its pathogenesis. It presents the data on the disturbances to the energy metabolism and membrane ionic transport have been obtained upon a single stress not very rich in emotiogenic moments. The observed injury to the conducting system and the working myocardium drastically increase the heterogeneity of the heart and, as we shall see, upset its electric stability.
Benefits of Testable Concept Maps for Learning About Pathogenesis of Disease
Published in Teaching and Learning in Medicine, 2011
Shweta Kumar, Fred Dee, Rakesh Kumar, Gary Velan
Background: Concept maps can assist learning by integrating new information with existing cognitive structure to facilitate meaningful understanding. The benefits of testable concept maps to illustrate cause-and-effect sequences in the pathogenesis of disease have not yet been determined. Purpose: A controlled trial was employed to evaluate the learning benefits of testable pathogenesis maps. Methods: Consecutive cohorts of junior medical students allocated to control and study groups participated in case-based pathology practical classes. Online testable pathogenesis maps were integrated into classes for the study group. An online quiz and questionnaire were used to evaluate outcomes. Results: The study group scored significantly higher on the quiz ( p= .014), including significantly better performance in topics covered by pathogenesis maps ( p= .049). The study group's questionnaire responses regarding pathogenesis maps were overwhelmingly positive. Conclusions: Testable pathogenesis maps significantly improved medical students’ understanding of the pathogenesis of disease. Wider use of such maps should be explored.
The potential pathophysiological role of tissue factor in age-related macular degeneration
Published in Expert Review of Ophthalmology, 2010
Youngeun Cho, Frederick R Rickles, Leonard M Parver, Jingsheng Tuo, Chi-Chao Chan
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of irreversible central vision loss in the elderly. Although the precise pathogenesis of AMD remains unknown, the pathology of advanced AMD is characterized by the degeneration of the retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptors in the macular region, either with choroidal neovascularization (neovascular AMD) or without (geographic atrophy). Tissue factor (TF) is the primary cellular initiator of blood coagulation. An increased expression of TF has been implicated in the pathogenesis of neoplasia, specifically in angiogenesis, inflammation and apoptosis, all of which also appear to be involved in the pathogenesis of AMD. This article reviews the pathogenesis of AMD, biological functions of TF and the potential association of increased TF expression with AMD.
Granulomatous Glomerulonephritis in a Patient With Rheumatoid Arthritis Treated With Gold Salts
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology, 1979
Bo Skrifvars, Tom Törnroth, Hans M. Falck
The clinical me of rheunmtoid arthritis in the patient described was characterized by two episodes of microhaematuria, both occurring shortly after the administristration gold salt. The second of these episodes developed into progressive renal failure. Renal biopsy disclosed a rarely described granulomatous glomerulomehritis. Various known pathogenic mechanisms of renal injury are evaluated concerning their applicability in this patient. However, although it is believed that the gold salt therapy was the main agent b the pathogenesis of this fatal renal complication, the mechanism whereby such a pathogenesis pathogenesis remains unclear.