Role of Nutrition and Diet Therapy in Boosting Immunity
Mehwish Iqbal in Complementary and Alternative Medicinal Approaches for Enhancing Immunity, 2023
Idli is prepared by a batter of Vigna mungo and rice by cooking it on steam (Agarwal & Bhasin, 2002). It is a fermented white-coloured round, spongy and small edible product. Using pulses with rice is compulsory for enhancing the microflora required for effective fermentation. Vigna mungo L is naturally the chief constituent with microflora fermentation ability and works as the fermentation substrate for the batter. Buttermilk or yoghurt is also used as a microorganisms source (Radhakrishnamurty et al., 1961). Vigna mungo (black gram) and rice are utilised in the proportion of 1:2 during batter preparation. Idli batter fermentation improves protein efficiency and nutritional values (Reddy et al., 1982). The chief microbes included in the leavening method of idli are heterofermentative Lactobacillus mesenteroides and lactic acid bacteria, while the acidity of the mixture is controlled by homofermentative Streptococcus faecalis (Mukherjee et al., 1965). Moreover, probiotic microbes such as Lactobacillus lactis and Lactobacillus plantarum are also established in the batter of idli. These microbes can synthesise beta-glucosidase enzyme and vitamin B12, which promotes health and increases the activity of probiotics (Iyer et al., 2013) (Figure 2.12).
Luminally Active Therapies
John K. DiBaise, Carol Rees Parrish, Jon S. Thompson in Short Bowel Syndrome Practical Approach to Management, 2017
Data on probiotic use from human studies is scanty. Sentonga and colleagues [94] failed to show any benefit of Lactobacillus rhamnosus on intestinal permeability in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study in 21 children with SBS. Based on their study in children with SIBO associated with SBS, Young and Vanderhoof [95] suggested that Lactobacillus plantarum 299v may either prevent or delay symptom recurrence after antibiotic therapy. In one randomized, double-blind trial among 12 patients with SIBO-related chronic diarrhea (but who did not have SBS), both L. casei and Lactobacillus acidophilus strains cerela proved effective [96]; in other studies, Lactobacillus fermentum [97] and S. boulardii [69] proved ineffective. In their recent systematic review, Reddy and colleagues [98] failed to retrieve any randomized controlled trial of probiotics in children or infants with SBS. In their analysis of the available data, they concluded that there was “insufficient evidence on the effects of probiotics in children with short bowel syndrome” [98].
Mechanism and Role of Probiotics in Suppressing Bowel Cancer
Sheeba Varghese Gupta, Yashwant V. Pathak in Advances in Nutraceutical Applications in Cancer, 2019
Another study by Sreekumar and Hosono [39] verified that a significant decrease in the bioavailability of Trp-P-2 was observed in GI tract as well as many tissues in mice when L. acidophilus NCFB1748 and B. longum BB536 supplements were provided orally. The genotoxicity of Trp-P-1 was decreased by cell fractions of L. acidophilus and Bifidobacterium spp. The antimutagenic effect of Lactobacillus plantarum KLAB21 is mediated by three extracellular glycoproteins. Study by Challa et al. [40] demonstrated that the rats fed with B. longum and lactulose significantly increased the activity of intestinal glutathione-S-transferase, the phase II enzymes implicated in the detoxification of noxious metabolites and carcinogenic molecules, and inhibited azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colonic aberrant crypt foci (ACF), which are precarcinogenic markers. However, probiotic capability to attach or metabolize toxic compounds relies on the pH and additional physicochemical conditions.
Microencapsulation of Lactobacillus plantarum LN66 and its survival potential under different packaging conditions
Published in Journal of Microencapsulation, 2022
Min Zhang, Cheng Yin, Jing Qian
Probiotic bacteria are a group of bacteria which are defined as live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host (Eratte et al.2018). The health effects of these microorganisms include improving the balance of intestinal microflora and mucosal defense against pathogens, enhancing the immune response as well as lowering serum cholesterol, vitamin synthesis, anti-carcinogenic activity, and anti-bacterial activity (Amiri et al.2021). Among the lactic acid bacteria, Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) is the most commonly probiotic found in fermented, functional, and therapeutic foods (Zoghi et al.2019). However, there are many challenges in this food industry sector, especially regarding the viability of these microorganisms during processing and product storage and low survival rates in the human gastrointestinal tract (Misra et al.2021). Nowadays, aiming to overcome these limitations, different techniques have been evaluated including adequate selection of bacterial strains, adaptation to stress, and microencapsulation (Ramos et al.2016).
Tracing the protective activity of Lactobacillus plantarum using technetium-99m-labeled zearalenone for organ toxicity
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2018
M. H. Sanad, A. S. M. Fouzy, Hassan M. Sobhy, Amal S. Hathout, Omaima A. Hussain
Lactobacillus plantarum was obtained from Bacterial-Human Friendship Unit, Dairy Science Department, National Research Centre. The strain was stored in De Man Rogosa Sharpe (MRS, Conda, Spain) broth. Lactobacillus plantarum was subcultured twice in MRS broth before experimental use. Cells were removed by centrifugation at 10,000 g for 5 min, washed three times; freeze-dried. Each tube of prepared L. plantarum was frozen at –80 °C for 8 h and then freeze-dried for 24 h. After the end of the freeze-drying cycle, the tubes were sealed under vacuum and stored at −20°C. Frozen samples were re-suspended in sterile phosphate buffer saline (PBS, PH 7.0), and serial dilutions (10−1 to 10−9) were prepared in 0.1% tryptone, placed on MRS agar medium and incubated at 37 °C for 24 h. The number of viable cells was determined as colony forming unit per milliliter (CFU/mL).
Lactobacillus plantarum DP189 prevents cognitive dysfunction in D-galactose/AlCl3 induced mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease via modulating gut microbiota and PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2022
Xinping Song, Zijian Zhao, Yujuan Zhao, Zhiguo Wang, Chao Wang, Ge Yang, Shengyu Li
As the most common probiotics, Lactobacillus plantarum is widely distributed in food, such as dairy products, vegetables, meat and wine, et al. Beneficial effects of Lactobacillus plantarum to the host result from modulation of gut microbiota, improvement of intestinal barrier function and reduction of inflammatory response [20]. We isolated Lactobacillus plantarum DP189 from sauerkraut produced in the northeast of China. Previous study indicated that Lactobacillus plantarum DP189 administration elevated spatial learning and memory and ameliorated neuronal damage in the rat model of corticosterone-induced chronic stress exposure [21]. Herein, we speculated that L. plantarum DP189 has the potential to prevent or improve psychiatric and neurological diseases via modulation of gut microbiota. We also investigated the anti-AD effects of L. plantarum DP189 administration on the cognitive function, neurotransmitter levels, tissue pathology, Aβ and tau expression, microbial communities, and the mechanisms underlying AD in D-gal and AlCl3-induced AD model mice.
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