Escherichia
Dongyou Liu in Laboratory Models for Foodborne Infections, 2017
Covering a group of Gram-negative, rod-shaped, motile, non-spore-forming bacilli (informally known as “coliforms”), the genus Escherichia (named after its discoverer Theodor Escherich) is classified taxonomically in the family Enterobacteriaceae, order Enterobacteriales, class Gammaproteobacteria, phylum Proteobacteria. To date, six species are recognized within the genus Escherichia, i.e., Escherichia albertii, Escherichia coli (the type-species, obsolete synonyms: Bacterium coli and Bacillus coli), Escherichia fergusonii, Escherichia hermannii, Escherichia marmotae, and Escherichia vulneris, with two former Escherichia species, Escherichia adecarboxylata and Escherichia blattae, being redesignated as Leclercia adecarboxylata and Shimwellia blattae, respectively [1,2].
Cardiac Implantable Device Infections
Firza Alexander Gronthoud in Practical Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 2020
Up to 90% of infections are caused by Gram-positive organisms—two-thirds of which are coagulase-negative staphylococci, with the majority of the remainder being Staphylococcus aureus. The most common Gram-negative organisms are Enterobacterales spp. and P. aeruginosa. Mycobacterial and fungal causes account for less than 1%. Infection is polymicrobial in around 11% of cases.
Infection prevention and control
Nicola Neale, Joanne Sale in Developing Practical Nursing Skills, 2022
Enterobacterales are a large family of gram-negative bacteria which includes Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp. and Enterobacter spp., which usually live harmlessly in the gastrointestinal tract of humans; however, they are also some of the most common cause of urinary tract, abdominal and blood stream infections.
Treatment of urinary tract infections in the era of antimicrobial resistance and new antimicrobial agents
Published in Postgraduate Medicine, 2020
Mazen S. Bader, Mark Loeb, Daniela Leto, Annie A. Brooks
An uncomplicated lower UTI is usually defined as acute cystitis occurring in a healthy, premenopausal, nonpregnant female with no known structural urological abnormalities [2]. Uncomplicated UTIs are responsible for a large proportion of all antibiotic prescriptions and pathogen resistance is increasing worldwide which requires a responsible and wise antibiotic prescription across all health-care professions [2,5,6]. Urine culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing for patients with uncomplicated acute cystitis are not recommended by current guidelines because of lack of management impact [5,6]. Acute uncomplicated cystitis is most commonly due to Enterobacteriales, enterococci and Staphylococcus saprophyticus. The most commonly isolated Enterobacteriales spp are Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp, and Proteus spp., which are responsible for over 80% of uncomplicated UTIs [7,8].
Differences in the distribution of pathogens and antimicrobial resistance in bloodstream infections in migrants compared with non-migrants in Denmark
Published in Infectious Diseases, 2023
Rikke Thoft Nielsen, Christian Østergaard Andersen, Henrik Carl Schønheyder, Jørgen Holm Petersen, Jenny Dahl Knudsen, Jens Otto Jarløv, Marie Norredam
In conclusion, we found that migrants had a higher proportion of community-acquired bloodstream infection with E. coli compared with non-migrants. Additionally, refugees had higher odds of resistant E. coli whereas family-reunified migrants only had higher odds of E. coli and other Enterobacterales resistant to ciprofloxacin, with these differences mainly present in the community-acquired bloodstream infections. These disparities in migrants compared with non-migrants are new and can be relevant for improving migrant health by focussing on preventing or treating infections with E. coli and Enterobacterales. More focus on timely and proper treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections in migrants could lead to fewer urinary tract infections and with lower risk of infection with resistant bacteria resulting in bloodstream infections. Further surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in migrants is needed as well as studies exploring the vulnerabilities in the different migrant groups.
High levels of discordant antimicrobial therapy in hospital-acquired bloodstream infections is associated with increased mortality in an intensive care, low antimicrobial resistance setting
Published in Infectious Diseases, 2022
Bjørn Waagsbø, Nora Stuve, Jan Egil Afset, Pål Klepstad, Skule Mo, Lars Heggelund, Jan Kristian Damås
A total of 296 bacterial isolates were identified from the 270 BSI episodes. The mean time to identification and corresponding susceptibility results was 2.8 days (95% CI 2.7–3.0). Monomicrobial BSI constituted 249 of the 270 (92.2%) episodes, whereas polymicrobial BSI with two or three bacterial species were detected in 16 (5.9%), and 5 (1.9%) episodes, respectively. Gram-negative pathogens were detected in 145 (49.0%), Gram-positive pathogens in 134 (45.3%), and anaerobic pathogens in 17 (5.7%). The most frequently isolated pathogens were Enterobacterales (41.6%) and Staphylococcus aureus (15.2%). Only six (5.9%) Enterobacterales isolates proved to be cefotaxime resistant, indicating an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) positive isolate, and none of the 45 S. aureus BSI isolates were meticillin-resistant. Aetiological results are presented in Table 3.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Enterobacter
- Enterobacteriaceae
- Escherichia Coli
- Gammaproteobacteria
- Salmonella Enterica
- Yersinia Pestis
- Gram-Negative Bacteria
- Facultative Anaerobic Organism
- Dickeya
- Pectobacterium