Mental illness
Govert den Hartogh in What Kind of Death, 2023
On the other hand, even if spontaneous remission, or, more often, partial recovery occurs, sometimes after decennia of illness, the probability of that event is growing smaller over time, and generally speaking the probability of success is also growing smaller for each new unsuccessful attempt to treat the illness.26 This tendency is often reinforced by the experience of inadequate treatment and care or coercion. Often the prospects of positive treatment effects are also worsened by comorbidity. And, as the eventual outcome at the ‘natural’ death of the patient reminds us (Section 13.2), in deciding whether or not to grant his request for euthanasia there is no safe side to err on. It is true that the decision to grant the request is irreversible and the decision not to grant it reversible, but if that is a reason for never granting a request, the difference disappears.
Neurofeedback with PTSD and Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
Hanno W. Kirk in Restoring the Brain, 2020
The existing system of categories for diagnosing psychopathology and defining evidence-based care uses biochemical and cognitive behavioral frames of reference.11 Concurrent treatments for comorbidity are still being explored.12 Pharmaceutical treatment rests on a variety of medications in the search for the right combination to help active duty service members, veterans, and sometimes their family members, to adjust to post-war life. Cognitive behavioral learning strategies require communication skills and a willingness to revisit unpleasant memories and to talk about things. “(L)arge gaps in the evidence base still exist,”13 in that both psychotherapy and pharmaceutical interventions are useful with only about 60% of the veterans who seek care through the VA.
Frailty
Shibley Rahman in Living with frailty, 2018
It is important to understand the difference between frailty, long-term conditions and disability. There may be overlap between the management approaches for people with multimorbidity and those with frailty but these conditions are not identical. Multimorbidity is usually defined as the coexistence of two or more chronic diseases in the same individual (Radner et al., 2014). It may be viewed as an evolution of the comorbidity concept, which refers to ‘the existence or occurrence of any distinct additional entity during the clinical course of a patient who has the index disease under study’ (Feinstein, 1970). It is readily evident that, as opposed to comorbidity, multimorbidity is a patient-centred entity, in which no index disease is predefined (Cesari et al., 2017).
The prevalence of dual diagnoses in children and adolescents with substance use disorders, systematic review
Published in Journal of Substance Use, 2023
Two studies indicated conduct disorder as the most common psychiatric disorder (Langenbach et al., 2010; Marshall et al., 2012). Anxiety disorders (Langenbach et al., 2010) and ADHD (Marshall et al., 2012) ranked second in terms of frequency in these studies. Essau (2011) reported anxiety disorders as the most frequent conditions (Essau, 2011). One study found depressive disorders combined with anxiety disorders to be the most frequent comorbidity (Alegria et al., 2011). Another study reported self-harm without specifying any diagnosis as the most common comorbidity (James et al., 2013). Finally, Gattamorta et al. (2017) worked with a system of externalized and internalized disorders, where the most common comorbidity was the occurrence of mixed disorders. Our findings support the conclusions of other studies: Tejeda-Romero et al. (2018) and Wolitzky-Taylor et al. (2012) reported anxiety and depressive disorders as the most common comorbidities among adolescents and young adults, while Wise et al. (2001) reported depressive disorders, followed by conduct disorders. The studies under analysis did not indicate psychotic disorders and bipolar disorder, i.e., conditions referred to in other relevant studies (Goldstein et al., 2013; Tejeda-Romero et al., 2018; Wise et al., 2001).
Use of the optimized sodium thiosulfate regimen for the treatment of calciphylaxis in Chinese patients
Published in Renal Failure, 2022
Xin Yang, Yuqiu Liu, Xiaotong Xie, Wen Shi, Jiyi Si, Xiaomin Li, Xiaoliang Zhang, Bicheng Liu
The demographics and clinical characteristics of the patients at baseline were summarized in Table 1. The mean age at diagnosis of calciphylaxis and onset of hemodialysis was 51.10 ± 14.85, 47.45 ± 14.83 respectively. 71% of patients were men and the median time of dialysis initiation to calciphylaxis diagnosis was 74 months (interquartile range 48–120). The primary cause of kidney disease was diabetic nephropathy (25.81%); all other causes were less represented. All patients were undergoing maintenance hemodialysis except for one patient with CKD Stage 3. The percentage of patients diagnosed with calciphylaxis who were overweight (BMI ≥ 25) was 35.5%. The most common comorbidity was hypertension (87.10%), followed by diabetes (45.16%), chronic heart failure (29.03%), autoimmunity disease (12.90%), and tumor (6.45%). Previous medication history included phosphate binders (64.52%), activated vitamin D and analogs (51.60%), cinacalcet (41.94%), and antithrombotic drugs (48.40%, including one patient on warfarin).
Prevalence and Risk Factors of QTc Prolongation in Prostate Cancer Patients Undergoing Brachytherapy
Published in Cancer Investigation, 2022
Simon Saad, Guila Delouya, Carole Lambert, Maroie Barkati, Charles Dariane, Mikhael Laskine, Daniel Taussky
We found that patients with high-risk disease were older and had a higher prevalence of prolonged QTc. Age is certainly a strong confounding factor. It is associated with a higher prevalence of comorbidity. It was shown in a previous Canadian study (18) that patients treated with ADT had a higher prevalence of coronary artery disease and a higher Framingham score than patients who were not treated with ADT. Patients are at higher risk of cancer recurrence and receiving primary or secondary ADT which has been associated with more frequent cardiac complications and QTc interval prolongation (6). Several studies found that the impact of ADT on cardiovascular disease (CVD) was not uniform and was not limited to its effect on the QTc-interval. CVD remains the main cause of death in men with prostate cancer (19).
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