Case 15: A Confused Traveller
Layne Kerry, Janice Rymer in 100 Diagnostic Dilemmas in Clinical Medicine, 2017
On the third day of admission, the patient's oxygen requirements rose and he developed dyspnoea. A repeat chest x-ray showed features consistent with acute respiratory distress syndrome. He was transferred to the intensive care unit and required intubation and assisted ventilation shortly afterward. Following review of the blood cultures, which were growing a Pseudomonas-type organism, the infectious diseases team advised that his antibiotics be switched from ceftriaxone to meropenem to cover for possible melioidosis. Burkholderia pseudomallei was subsequently isolated from the blood cultures.
Ceftriaxone
M. Lindsay Grayson, Sara E. Cosgrove, Suzanne M. Crowe, M. Lindsay Grayson, William Hope, James S. McCarthy, John Mills, Johan W. Mouton, David L. Paterson in Kucers’ The Use of Antibiotics, 2017
Burkholderia pseudomallei, the organism responsible for melioidosis, exhibits resistance to diverse groups of antibiotics, including third-generation cephalosporins, penicillins, rifamycins, and aminoglycosides (Cheng and Currie, 2005). Ceftriaxone has MIC values of 1–8 μg/ml (Ashdown, 1988; Jenney et al., 2001).
Identification of candidate blood biomarkers for the diagnosis of septicaemic melioidosis based on WGCNA
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2022
Li Yin, Yuanyuan Chen, Tingting Fu, Lin Liu, Qianfeng Xia
Melioidosis is an infectious disease caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, a kind of Gram-negative bacillus. Cases have been reported in different regions around the world, including Thailand, China, and Australia etc. In China, it is mainly distributed in provinces of Hainan, Guangdong and Guangxi. People infected with B.pseudomallei are those who have been exposed mainly through inhalation or skin wounds to contaminated soil and water. Sepsis is the most prevalent type of melioidosis and MiRNAs are extensively explored in the diagnosis of sepsis as serum sepsis biomarkers [1]. The misdiagnosis rate could reach 80–90% due to factors such as lack of specificity and slow presentation of bacterial culture results [2]. The patients could be misdiagnosed as pulmonary infection, pulmonary tuberculosis, hepatitis, malaria, and general sepsis, etc. Compared with other infections, B. pseudomallei-induced sepsis has a high mortality rate. Therefore, better diagnostic tests are needed to improve the earlier diagnosis, initiation of appropriate therapy and increase the survival rate of sepsis caused by B. pseudomallei. The ideal biomarkers should be able to rapidly and specifically screen patients with sepsis caused by B. pseudomallei from those patients caused by other pathogens.
Antibacterial carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: an update on the recent literature
Published in Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents, 2020
Claudiu T. Supuran, Clemente Capasso
Burkholderia pseudomallei is a Gram-negative saprophytic bacterium responsible for melioidosis, an endemic disease of tropical and subtropical regions of the world [93]. In this bacterium, the β-CA and γ-CAs were cloned, purified, and characterized. They are indicated with the acronyms BpsCAβ and BpsCAγ, respectively. The kinetic parameters for the physiological CO2 hydration reaction to bicarbonate and protons, was kcat of 1.6 × 105 s−1 and kcat/KM of 3.4 × 107 M−1 s−1 for the enzyme belonging to the β-class [93], whereas BpsCAγ showed a kcat of 5.3 × 105 s−1 and kcat/KM of 2.5 × 107 M−1 s−1 [94].
Bacterial infection during wars, conflicts and post-natural disasters in Asia and the Middle East: a narrative review
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2020
Tania Nawfal Dagher, Charbel Al-Bayssari, Seydina M. Diene, Eid Azar, Jean-Marc Rolain
In Southeast Asia and coastal areas of Australia’s Northern Territory, the major cause of the disease was mainly due to the presence of Burkholderia pseudomallei that infects humans and animals. This disease is developed after direct exposure to polluted soil or water and has an increased prevalence all through rainy or monsoon seasons, tsunamis and floods. Furthermore, after the 2004 Asian tsunami, there are many reported cases of severe post-immersion, aspiration pneumonic melioidosis [133,134], and B. pseudomallei cutaneous wound infections [135,136,137]. In addition, the same tsunami influenced different neighboring countries, such as Sri Lanka, India, and Indonesia, which represent the huge loss portion. A study was performed in Indonesia to determine the impact of this tsunami on health [138]. It has been shown that in the first month following the tsunami, up to ninety-six cases of tetanus had been depicted in Aceh with a plague crest between January 8 and 17 of the year 2015. This was due to the low inclusion rates of vaccination of tetanus in Aceh that represented a main post-tsunami risk of the disease. Moreover, in a clinic of the Indonesian army, wound infections represented 16.9% of all patients diagnosed. In addition, the WHO reported that through the first five months that followed the tsunami, 37,492 cases of acute respiratory infections have been described [138].
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