Chemical Structure of the Core Region of Lipopolysaccharides
Helmut Brade, Steven M. Opal, Stefanie N. Vogel, David C. Morrison in Endotoxin in Health and Disease, 2020
Bacteria of the genera Rhizobium and Bradyrhizobium live in symbiosis with legume plants and participate in the process of nitrogen assimilation. Several partial core structures of LPS from R. leguminisarum, R. meliloti, and B. japonicum have been published (Table 9) (219, 226). The core structure of R. etli CE3 comprises two oligosaccharides, which have also been isolated from R. leguminisarum bv. trifolii strains ANU843 and 24.1, a branched tetrasaccharide consisting of Gal, Man, GalA, and Kdo, which is substituted at 0–4 of Kdo by a branched trisaccharide built up from two GalA and one Kdo residues (226,227). In both species, the O-antigen is linked to O-6 of the Gal residue of the tetrasaccharide unit, and in the core of R. etli this is furnished via a third Kdo residue. The anomeric configuration of the Kdo residues are not published.
Production of Wattle Seed (Acacia victoriae)
Yasmina Sultanbawa, Fazal Sultanbawa in Australian Native Plants, 2017
Thrall et al. (2005) and his team at the Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research (CSIRO) have demonstrated that inoculating wattle seed with the symbiont soil bacterium Bradyrhizobium increases survival and growth rates. Bradyrhizobium is present in natural wattle-growing soils but is usually absent in farmland or in lands under reseeding or revegetation programmes. Work by the Victoria Department of Primary Industries and other collaborators including the CSIRO has shown that wattle seed inoculated with Bradyrhizobium had establishment rates 2–5 times better than untreated seed. Glasshouse trials have also demonstrated similar advantages to treated seed.
The Rhizobium/Bradyrhizobium-Legume Symbiosis
Peter M. Gresshoff in Molecular Biology of Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation, 2018
In spite of these difficulties, the genetic manipulation of Bradyrhizobium has recently proceeded quite rapidly with the advent of recombinant DNA techniques that enable many of the manipulations to be carried out in Escherichia coli. There is considerable interest in the genetics of Bradyrhizobium strains, because of their great agricultural importance and the large existing literature on the physiology, biochemistry, and ecology of these organisms.
Chaperonomics in leptospirosis
Published in Expert Review of Proteomics, 2018
Arada Vinaiphat, Visith Thongboonkerd
An attempt has been made to identify sHSPs-interacting partners in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 during heat stress [53]. Some of the Hsp16.6-interacting partners identified from this study have been shown to play roles in various cellular processes, including transcription, translation, cell signaling, and secondary metabolism [53]. Among well recognized bacterial species, E. coli and M. tuberculosis contain only two copies of genes encoding sHSPs, whereas B. subtilis contains three copies of such genes [50]. In E. coli, the two sHSPs (IbpA and IbpB) are associated with inclusion bodies and aggregates that are formed during heat stress [54,55]. After binding, IbpA alone can reduce size of the inclusion bodies and/or aggregates [56]. Together with IbpB, these two sHSPs can facilitate Hsp100/Hsp70-mediated function to disaggregate or further reduce size of the protein aggregates [56].Genomic analysis of 15 bacteria representing a wide variety of prokaryotic lineages has shown that eight of the bacterial genomes do not contain sHSPs-related sequences [50]. Interestingly, the absence of sHSPs has been found mostly in the pathogenic bacteria [57]. However, it is challenging to address why sHSPs are dispensable in some pathogenic bacteria and why symbiotic bacteria (i.e. Bradyrhizobium japonicum) have as many as 12 sHSPs [58].
Homeostasis and Defense at the Surface of the Eye. The Conjunctival Microbiota
Published in Current Eye Research, 2021
Arnulfo Garza, Giancarlo Diaz, Marah Hamdan, Akaanksh Shetty, Bo-Young Hong, Jorge Cervantes
The era of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) opened the doors to better characterization of the microbiota composition, by DNA-based detection (i.e. the microbiome), surpassing the limitations of culturing techniques.6 The second decade of the 21st century contemplated new knowledge of the bacterial communities in the ocular surface, with description of a “core” of conjunctival microbiota (Table 1) composed of 12 genera: Pseudomonas, Propionibacterium, Bradyrhizobium, Corynebacterium, Acinetobacter, Brevundimonas, Staphylococci, Aquabacterium, Sphingomonas, Streptococcus, Streptophyta, and Methylobacterium.7 Later studies showed overlapping results for the composition of the core microbiome of the conjunctiva, which included genera: Corynebacterium, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, Acinetobacter, Streptococcus, Bacillus, Millisia, Anaerococcus, Finegoldia, Simonsiella, Ralstonia, and Veillonella.8 This core composition is not maintained temporally, with a limited number of species always present, which supports the notion that the ocular surface contains a low diversity of microorganisms.9
Quorum quenching enzymes and their effects on virulence, biofilm, and microbiomes: a review of recent advances
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2020
It is interesting that LuxI homologs in certain species of α-proteobacteria can produce homoserine lactones (HSLs) with aromatic acid or branched amino acid side chains (instead of the straight fatty acyl side chains of AHLs). Notable examples include p-coumaroyl-HSL from Rhodopseudomonas palustris (RpaIR) [58], phenylacetyl-HSL from Prosthecomicrobium hirschii (HirIR) [59], isovaleryl-HSL from Bradyrhizobium japonicum (BjaIR) [60] and cinnamoyl-HSL from Bradyrhizobium strain ORS278 (BraIR) [61].
Related Knowledge Centers
- Flagellum
- Nitrate
- Nitrogen Cycle
- Nitrogen Fixation
- Rhizobia
- Rhizobium
- Carbohydrate
- Gram-Negative Bacteria
- Soil Microbiology
- Legume