The movement systems: skeletal and muscular
Nick Draper, Helen Marshall in Exercise Physiology, 2014
Sections of muscle tissue can be taken from humans or animals. Rat muscle tissue has been frequently studied in physiological research as its general properties are similar to human muscle. A muscle biopsy needle is used with humans to sample a small section of muscle tissue. Through histochemical staining the presence of three subdivisions of type II muscle fibres have been identified in humans. These are commonly referred to as types IIa, IIx (also referred to as IIb) and IIc. Figure 5.19 shows type I fibres which are stained dark red, type IIa fibres stained pale red and type IIx fibres stained white. Type IIc occur less commonly in humans and are thought to account for only 1–2% of muscle fibres. Due to their rare occurrence and limits in our current knowledge about their function, we will concentrate on the structure and function of type I, type IIa and type IIx muscle fibres.
History-taking model
Kaji Sritharan, Vivian A Elwell, Sachi Sivananthan in Essential OSCE Topics for Medical and Surgical Finals, 2007
ExplainYou have two kidneys, which are located in the right and left flank/ loin.Renal biopsy is a method of obtaining a sample of tissue from the kidney by introducing a biopsy needle (possibly several times) through the skin overlying the affected kidney.Ultrasound will be used to guide the needle into the kidney.The tissue sample obtained will be tested to try to identify a cause (e.g. scarring, infection, abnormal deposits) for the symptoms experienced (e.g. renal failure, haematuria, proteinuria, transplant rejection) and to determine the best course of management.
Assessment and Diagnosis of the Male Infertility Patient
Botros Rizk, Ashok Agarwal, Edmund S. Sabanegh in Male Infertility in Reproductive Medicine, 2019
The role of testicular biopsy is limited to select cases of azoospermia or severe oligoospermia. It can provide important diagnostic information on underlying pathology and can be therapeutically beneficial if viable sperm are found and can be cryopreserved for future ICSI [54]. If used for diagnostic purposes only, the technical choice is to perform the procedure percutaneously either with needle aspiration or a biopsy needle gun. Another minimally invasive approach involves a small scrotal incision to create a “window” to the testicle without delivery of the testicle through the incision. There is no consensus as to whether biopsies should be performed unilaterally or bilaterally. It is advised that if a unilateral biopsy is performed then it should be done on the larger of the two testes.
EUS-guided reverse bevel fine-needle biopsy sampling and open tip fine-needle aspiration in solid pancreatic lesions – a prospective, comparative study
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2018
Per Hedenström, Akif Demir, Kaveh Khodakaram, Ola Nilsson, Riadh Sadik
The acquisition of tissue via a biopsy needle could potentially facilitate the microscopic assessment and increase the chance of a correct diagnosis of unclear lesions [18]. In addition, the cost of on-site cytology evaluation could be avoided if shifting from EUS-FNA to EUS-FNB [24]. In a recent study, the sample quality of the reverse bevel needle was found somewhat superior to that of EUS-FNA, which however not resulted in a significantly better sensitivity [13]. The same conclusion was drawn in a randomized study comparing a standard 25 gauge FNA-needle with a 25-gauge reverse bevel needle [25] and in a study comparing a standard 22 gauge FNA-needle with a 22-gauge side port needle [26]. In agreement with these publications, we found no general advantage of using a biopsy needle in solid pancreatic masses.
Feasibility of genomic profiling with next-generation sequencing using specimens obtained by image-guided percutaneous needle biopsy
Published in Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences, 2019
Miyuki Sone, Yasuaki Arai, Shunsuke Sugawara, Takatoshi Kubo, Chihiro Itou, Tetsuya Hasegawa, Noriyuki Umakoshi, Noboru Yamamoto, Kumiko Sunami, Nobuyoshi Hiraoka, Takashi Kubo
The primary outcome was the rate of successful genomic analysis with specimens obtained by percutaneous needle biopsy. The secondary outcomes were profiling of genetic alterations, technical success rate of biopsy procedures, adverse events evaluated using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v. 4.0, rate of success in pathological diagnosis, and cause of failed genomic analysis. Technical success of the biopsy procedure was defined as obtaining tissue sections with imaging confirmation of the biopsy needle within the target. Successful NGS analysis was defined as the ability to perform genomic analysis by NGS using DNA extracted from the specimen. The causes of failed NGS analysis were categorized as: (i) failure of the puncture of the target site (sampling error); (ii) unprocessed for DNA extraction due to insufficient specimen volume; (iii) insufficient DNA volume; and (iv) deteriorated DNA quality. We also calculated the rate of successful genomic analysis excluding NGS analysis that failed due to reasons unrelated to the biopsy procedures, i.e. reasons (ii) and (iv).
Challenges in biomarker-based clinical trials for patients with gastrointestinal malignancies
Published in Expert Review of Precision Medicine and Drug Development, 2022
Jeremy D. Kratz, Wei Zhang, Monica Patel, Nataliya V. Uboha
The optimal clinical management includes consideration of a growing number of biomarkers for clinical trial enrollment. It is important that sufficient tumor tissue is available to meet requirements for the standard-of-care tumor evaluations, as well as testing and tissue requirements for clinical trial eligibility. Sources for obtaining tissue for solid tumor biomarker testing include specimens from surgical resection, biopsies, and cytology preparations. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) sections of surgical resections are generally preferred, especially for NGS testing, due to their improved cellularity and tumor content. However, surgical resection is frequently not part of standard management in patients with advanced cancers. In addition, a growing number of patients with locoregional tumors (e.g. gastroesophageal junction and gastric cancers, potentially resectable pancreatic adenocarcinomas) undergo neoadjuvant therapy before definitive surgery, which can decrease tumor cellularity and quantity. Often, in these cases, core needle biopsy (CNB) or fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is the only specimen available for biomarker testing required for trial enrollment.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Biopsy
- Cytopathology
- Histopathology
- Hypodermic Needle
- Microscope
- Surgery
- Sampling
- Staining
- Surgeon
- Radiology