Applications of Marine Biochemical Pathways to Develop Bioactive and Functional Products
Se-Kwon Kim in Marine Biochemistry, 2023
For chitin recovery from seafood-processing wastes, different fermentation strategies are used. Fermentation using lactic acid bacteria, Bacillus sp., and Pseudomanas species are commonly used to produce chitin from shrimp waste. In 2013, Ghorbel-Bellaaj et al. extracted chitin via microbial fermentation using Bacillus pumilus A1 and found it effective in producing a high-quality strain. Another extraction method is liquid fermentation. Doan et al. (2019) used an alkaline protease-producing strain (Brevibacillus parabrevis) and found that this method produced high deproteinization rates, and the supernatant had high growth-enhancing activity on lactic acid bacteria. This method would be difficult to apply at the industrial scale due to the risk of microbial contamination (Ozogul et al., 2021). Enzyme-assisted extraction is also a nonthermal processing technique and can be applied to chitosan via extraction from chitin via a chitin deacetylase enzyme. However, pretreatment is needed, such as grinding, sonication, and heating (Yadav et al., 2019).
Preparation and Health Benefits of Rice Beverages From Ethnomedicinal Plants: Case Study in North-East of India
Megh R. Goyal, Arijit Nath, Rasul Hafiz Ansar Suleria in Plant-Based Functional Foods and Phytochemicals, 2021
The secretion of extracellular amylolytic enzymes breaks the starch into monomelic forms of glucose and maltose [77]. The texture, aroma, and sensory qualities of rice beer are due to the metabolic activity of the yeast. Furthermore, these microorganisms produce gas, esters, alcohols, volatile acids and other compounds. Probiotics reduce the probability of growth of pathogens or destroy mycotoxins, endotoxins, and anti-nutrients. Further, they offer therapeutic values of the rice beer by enriching antioxidants and antimicrobials [60]. Several investigators isolated of microbes from rice beer [123], such as: Different species of Kloeckera, Candida, Hanseniaspora, and Pischia in apong in Assam and Arunachal Pradesh [97];Different types of LAB (such as: Pediococcus pentosaceus, Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus brevis) in hamei and marcha Manipur [5];Hansenula anomala and LAB in rice beer from different parts of North-Eastern region of India [94];Pediococcus pentosaceus, Debaryomyces hansenii, Bacillus circu-lans, Bacillus firmus, Bacillus pumilus and Bacillus catarosporous in judima [123];Rhizopus sp. in zutho, prepared in Nagaland [11]; andYeasts (such as: Saccharomyces cerevisiae).
Bacillus
Dongyou Liu in Laboratory Models for Foodborne Infections, 2017
Foods are suitable culture media for Bacillus spp., and thus, growth in high numbers can occur in many steps of food preparation and preservation. In addition, some strains are psychrotrophic.32 To a lesser extent, other Bacillus species have been associated with gastrointestinal illness, for example, B. subtilis, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus brevis, and Bacillus mojavensis, although these microorganisms are more often involved in food spoilage.31,33–35
Molecular regulation of adhesion and biofilm formation in high and low biofilm producers of Bacillus licheniformis using RNA-Seq
Published in Biofouling, 2019
Faizan Ahmed Sadiq, Steve Flint, Hafiz Arbab Sakandar, GuoQing He
Among Bacillus species, a lot of work on biofilm formation has been reported for Bacillus subtilis, a model organism for biofilm studies, and a complete mechanism of biofilm formation has been explained (Vlamakis et al. 2008; Gingichashvili et al. 2017; Haggett et al. 2018; Yu et al. 2018), including the role of different molecular regulators of biofilm formation (Fagerlund et al. 2016; Xu et al. 2017; Yan et al. 2017). Among other Bacillus species of industrial concern, biofilm forming characteristics and the role of biofilms in bacterial survival in harsh environmental conditions have been widely studied in Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus thuringiensis and some other bacilli (Sadiq, Flint, Yuan, et al. 2017; dos Ramos Almeida et al. 2018). Despite a number of genetic similarities (Chun and Bae 2000) among different Bacillus species, they can exhibit substantial differences in their phenotypic characteristics (Sadiq, Flint, Yuan, et al. 2017; dos Ramos Almeida et al. 2018).
The meconium microbiota shares more features with the amniotic fluid microbiota than the maternal fecal and vaginal microbiota
Published in Gut Microbes, 2020
Qiuwen He, Lai-Yu Kwok, Xiaoxia Xi, Zhi Zhong, Teng Ma, Haiyan Xu, Haixia Meng, Fangqing Zhao, Heping Zhang
The difference in the meconium microbiota structure between neonates delivered by cesarean section and vaginal birth was assessed by PCoA and Bray–Curtis dissimilarity distance. Symbols representing the meconium microbiota of the neonates born by cesarean section and vaginal delivery did not form distinct clustering pattern on the weighted and unweighted UniFrac distance PCoA score plots (Fig. S3a; S3b), suggesting no obvious difference in the meconium microbiota structure between the two groups of neonates. Consistently, the Bray–Curtis dissimilarity of the meconium microbiota of neonates delivered by cesarean section and vaginal birth exhibited no significant difference (P > .05; Fig. S3c). However, the meconium samples of six vaginally delivered neonates (IF8, IF9, IF19, IF20, IF30, and IF34; PCoA1 > 0.2 and <-0.2 on the weighted and unweighted score plots, respectively) showed obvious deviation from other samples. The meconium microbiota of these six samples had significantly more Escherichia fergusonii (62.01% versus 3.22% in other samples; Fig. S3d) and significantly less Bacillus cereus, Bacillus flexus, Bacillus safensis, Lactococcus piscium, Pseudomonas fragi, Oceanobacillus profundus, and Bacillus pumilus (0.01%-0.39% versus 1.2%-27.21% in other samples; Fig. S3d).
Proteomics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: the increasing role of post-translational modifications
Published in Expert Review of Proteomics, 2018
Charlotte Gaviard, Thierry Jouenne, Julie Hardouin
Quantitative proteomic studies, using data-dependent acquisition (DDA), have been performed in different bacteria [80,84–90] and have highlighted differences in the abundance of modified peptides across samples. Isotope labeling and multiplexing methods seem to be one of the method of choice to quantify PTMs. For example, Kosono et al. [84] have observed the upregulation of acetylated sites on 40 proteins (acetate kinase, protein kinase PrkA or sporulation protein) and succinylated sites on 42 proteins (elongation factor Tu, ribosomal protein or enolase) by using a quantitative SILAC approach in B. subtilis in different carbon sources. Stable isotope-based quantification and phosphostaining 2D gel was recently used to highlight the impact of H2O2 stress on phosphoproteome of Bacillus pumilus [91].
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