Clinical Applications of Frequency-Following Response in Children and Adults
Stavros Hatzopoulos, Andrea Ciorba, Mark Krumm in Advances in Audiology and Hearing Science, 2020
It is important to note that the FFR should be elicited by moderate or high-intensity sounds. It is recommended that the level of the sound stimuli is 40–45 dB above the auditory threshold. During the assessment, the intensity should be in an audible and comfortable intensity around 80 dB SPL (Sanfins and Skarzynski, 2017; Sanfins et al., 2018). FFR responses have been recorded at various sound pressure levels (60–85 dB SPL) in normal-hearing listeners and at 70–95 dB SPL in cases presenting sensorineural hearing loss, however, care was taken to ensure that the maximum stimulus level in either group was below the uncomfortable loudness level (Ananthakrishnan et al., 2016). An important point about FFR is that high-frequency stimulation seems to produce a greater amount of noise; thus, the stimulus frequency should not exceed 2000 Hz.
Auditory sensitivity
Stanley A. Gelfand in Hearing, 2017
It is not uncommon to experience a period of decreased hearing sensitivity, which lasts for some time, after being exposed to high sound intensities, for example after leaving a rock concert. This temporary shift in auditory threshold may last as long as roughly 16 h or more, improving gradually. The phenomenon is quite descriptively called temporary threshold shift (TTS) or post-stimulatory fatigue.
Chronic Hyperglycemia Impairs Vision, Hearing, and Sensory Function
Robert Fried, Richard M. Carlton in Type 2 Diabetes, 2018
A number of reports have now confirmed the link between diabetes and hearing impairment (hypoacusia) (Vesperini, Di Giacobbe, Passatore et al. 2011; Cowie, Rust, Byrd-Holt et al. 2006). Some studies have shown that the magnitude of hearing loss in patients with diabetes is related to the duration of the disease and age, and affects principally the auditory threshold to high frequencies. (See below.)
Early detection of hearing impairment in type 2 diabetic patients
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2020
Yanhong Li, Bo Liu, Jin Li, Lingyu Xin, Qian Zhou
Although, HFA has been applied to the early hearing function evaluation of many diseases, only one paper evaluated the application of HFA in type 2 diabetic patients and its conclusion was consistent with us. But, the criterion about hearing loss of 9k–16k Hz was different from us. They define hearing impairment if pure tone thresholds were above 25 dB HL [12], While, in our study the average auditory threshold higher than that of the control group was thought as hearing loss. Actually, ISO has published the standard references in the 8k to 16k Hz frequency range, whereas, with lots of limitations. First, they were limited to a small number of specific earphones. Second, they are not age or gender specific, whereas, the high frequency hearing threshold was related to age and frequency. Third, they only include subjects aged between 18- and 25-years old [13]. Therefore, the applicable standard references of HFA still need lots of studies.
Objective auditory brainstem response classification using machine learning
Published in International Journal of Audiology, 2019
Richard M. McKearney, Robert C. MacKinnon
The Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) represents early components of the auditory evoked response and is typically generated in the first 10 ms following the presentation of an auditory stimulus (commonly a click or tone pip). The ABR in humans was first described by Jewett, Romano, and Williston (1970). The ABR has up to seven distinct vertex-positive waves which correspond to synchronous neuronal activity arising from the auditory nerve and auditory brainstem structures up to the auditory projections from the medial geniculate body (Berger and Blum 2007). The ABR has a typical morphology in the relative amplitude and latency of these waves. Features of the waveform vary when approaching auditory threshold and are extinguished altogether when the stimulus is below threshold (Figure 1). As part of a neurological assessment, the ABR offers some site-of-lesion information according to the way in which the latency and morphology of the waves are differentially affected (Berger and Blum 2007).
Masking level difference among brazilian military personnel: a comparison between pilots and non-pilots
Published in International Journal of Audiology, 2021
Graziela Maria Martins-Moreira, Alessandra Spada Durante
Aviation noise in the cockpit of civil and military aircraft depends on the aircraft type, flight conditions and aerodynamic noise. The levels inside the cockpit can range from 83 to 110 dB Aeq and therefore represent a threat to pilots' auditory threshold levels (Matschke 1994; Kuronen et al. 2004; Ivošević, Bucak, and Andraši 2018). In order to protect pilots hearing, there are three basic types of personal noise reduction approaches: Hearing protection devices (HPD) or passive earplugs; Active Noise Cancelling (ANC) or electronic pass-through hearing protection, and a combination of the two (McKinley, Bjorn, and Hall 2005). HPDs can effectively protect hearing, but, for the same reason, they can compromise auditory perception, degrade signal detection, reduce speech communication abilities, and diminish situational awareness in aircrew (Rajguru 2013; Lahtinen and Leino 2015). Despite radio speech communication problems being reported during 14% of flight time by pilots with normal hearing, research in the field of military aviation has generally focussed on noise induced hearing loss, with little attention being paid to other issues that may have an impact on communications (Lahtinen et al. 2010). In Brazil, 37.8% of civilian pilots present some sort of hearing disorder, with noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) in at least one ear accounting for 28.3% of this total. In pilots with hearing loss in one ear, the left ear is the more commonly affected (Falcão et al. 2014). About a third of pilots use headsets for radio communication only in the right ear, 9% use the left ear and more than half both ears (Müller and Schneider, 2017). When there is a preference for one ear, the other ear is free for cockpit communication and may receive a greater dose of noise, causing this ear to show more hearing loss.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Auditory System
- Ear Canal
- Habituation
- Hearing
- Perception
- Pure Tone
- Sound
- Signal-to-Noise Ratio
- Psychometric Function
- Equal-Loudness Contour