Learning, attention, and developmental coordination disorders
Michael Horvat, Ronald V. Croce, Caterina Pesce, Ashley Fallaize in Developmental and Adapted Physical Education, 2019
Perceptual-motor impairments can be auditory, visual, tactile, or kinesthetic. Auditory perception refers to those functions that involve the ear’s reception of sound and the integration and interpretation of these signals in the brain. It involves discrimination of sound, locating the course or direction of sound, discriminating pitch and loudness, and selecting relevant from irrelevant auditory stimuli. This modality is very important in numerous physical activities, such as rhythmic movements and dance. Children with an auditory-perceptual deficit may also have difficulty following the teacher’s verbal instructions. Likewise, children who are unable to distinguish verbal cues concerning the correct way to grip a baseball bat would also be unable to complete the correct procedure or form in hitting a baseball. Of course, the child who needs, and is given, additional time to process this information may respond more appropriately.
Neurologic Music Therapy in Neuropsychological Rehabilitation
Barbara A. Wilson, Jill Winegardner, Caroline M. van Heugten, Tamara Ownsworth in Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 2017
APT focuses on auditory perception and sensory integration. Exercises are directed to identify and discriminate different components of sound, such as time, tempo, duration, pitch, rhythmic patterns, and spatial location, as well as complex speech sounds. In addition to focusing on auditory perception, APT offers techniques that integrate different sensory modalities (visual, tactile and kinesthetic) with active musical exercises, such as playing from graphic notation using tactile sound transmission or integrating movement and music. This area of APT is called Sensory Integration. Auditory discrimination is crucial for sharpening cognitive functions and for regaining or developing speech and language. Auditory perception disturbances occur in different forms and can stem from neural impairment, genetic causes or a variety of developmental delays. Several lines of research have suggested that intact auditory perception is critical for the development of cognitive abilities related to processing temporal sequential information and that sequencing tasks are best performed in the sense of hearing rather than vision (Conway et al., 2009).
Psychological representation of visual impairment
John Ravenscroft in The Routledge Handbook of Visual Impairment, 2019
It is also important to consider auditory perception in more naturalistic settings such as processing speech sounds, yet only a few studies do so (Kupers and Ptito, 2014). Hugdahl et al. (2004) investigated consonant-vowel syllable discrimination via headphones in a dichotic listening task in which participants were instructed to pay attention to the right ear stimulus, left ear stimulus or no specific instruction was given. Fourteen congenitally or early blind individuals were compared with 129 sighted individuals. The blind individuals outperformed sighted individuals in correctly identifying syllables. Furthermore, when instructed to pay attention to the left ear stimulus and only report from the attended channel, they were significantly better than sighted controls. The typical finding in this paradigm is a right ear advantage, which indicates better processing of the consonant-vowel syllable stimuli in the left hemisphere. The results from Hugdahl et al. (2004) therefore suggest that there is hemispheric reorganisation in blind individuals in the auditory modality that may enable enhanced speech processing. In contrast however, Gougoux et al. (2009) found no behavioural differences in voice recognition between congenitally blind, late blind and sighted participants.
Supplements, nutrition, and alternative therapies for the treatment of traumatic brain injury
Published in Nutritional Neuroscience, 2018
Brandon P. Lucke-Wold, Aric F. Logsdon, Linda Nguyen, Ahmed Eltanahay, Ryan C. Turner, Patrick Bonasso, Chelsea Knotts, Adam Moeck, Joseph C. Maroon, Julian E. Bailes, Charles L. Rosen
At least 80% of patients report one or more symptoms in the acute period after mild TBI. Up to 20% of athletes suspected of having a concussion are asymptomatic, indicating possible subconcussive injuries.12,13 Patients typically present with cognitive, physical, and behavioral signs and symptoms. The most frequent symptoms include headache, dizziness, and memory impairment. LOC is not a requirement for the diagnosis of concussion; therefore, the primary diagnostic symptoms of mild TBI evaluate neurosensory performance.14 Dizziness has been reported as the most common symptom of mild TBI, closely followed by headache.15 Cognitive disorders, sleep disorders, and hearing disorders such as, tinnitus, hearing loss, and central auditory processing disorder are also common.16 In a study of over 500 mild TBI patients, the authors concluded that neurosensory symptoms can persist for several months after injury, and can include blurry vision and personality changes.17 An overview of common symptoms that are evaluated after mild TBI have been highlighted in Fig. 2.
Bidirectional associations between psychological distress and hearing problems: an 18-year longitudinal analysis of the British Household Panel Survey
Published in International Journal of Audiology, 2018
Raphael M. Herr, Jos A. Bosch, Töres Theorell, Adrian Loerbroks
Hearing problems are implicated in a wide range of clinical manifestations or syndromes, such as tinnitus and hyperacusis (Canlon, Theorell, and Hasson 2013). The prevalence of hearing problems as well as their economic burden to society are high, and are expected to rise further in parallel with the aging of western societies (Goldman and Holme 2010; Videhult Pierre, Johnson, and Fridberger 2015; Homans et al. 2017; WHO 2017; Wilson et al. 2017). Established risk factors for hearing problems include increased age, male gender, and noise exposure, but also infections, drug use, and genetic factors (Homans et al. 2017; WHO 2017; Wilson et al. 2017). Psychological distress has increasingly gained interest as an additional determinant of hearing problems (Canlon, Theorell, and Hasson 2013).
Hearing loss and work participation: a cross-sectional study in Norway
Published in International Journal of Audiology, 2018
Elisabeth Vigrestad Svinndal, Jorunn Solheim, Marit By Rise, Chris Jensen
A major consequence of hearing loss is oral communication challenges, which may influence the access to education and oral communication demanding work. Progress in technology has improved the hearing compensation possibilities through improved hearing aids, cochlear implants and assistive listening devices. Still, such compensative measures cannot fully recover the hearing capacity. For instance, Bjarnason (2011) described how assistive listening devices were valuable but not sufficient in workplace accommodation among Swedish employees with hearing loss. Moreover, technical advancements are followed by increased demands in the labour market. In addition to a reduction in the number of jobs in high-income countries, communication skills are, according to Ruben (2000), more important in working life than ever. In this case, people with hearing loss are vulnerable employees.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Auditory System
- Hearing Loss
- Somatosensory System
- Transduction
- Temporal Lobe
- Brain
- Sound
- Ear
- Auditory Science
- Sense