Chemosensory Disorders and Nutrition
Alan R. Hirsch in Nutrition and Sensation, 2023
The anterior olfactory nucleus receives afferent fibers from the olfactory tract and projects efferent fibers, which decussate in the anterior commissure and synapse in the contralateral olfactory bulb. Some of the efferent projections from the anterior olfactory nucleus remain ipsilateral, synapsing on internal granular cells of the ipsilateral olfactory bulb.
Aromatherapy for Pain Relief
Mark V. Boswell, B. Eliot Cole in Weiner's Pain Management, 2005
The anterior olfactory nucleus receives afferent fibers from the olfactory tract and projects efferent fibers, which decussate in the anterior commissure and synapse in the contralateral olfactory bulb. Some of the efferent projections from the anterior olfactory nucleus remain ipsilateral and synapse on internal granular cells of the ipsilateral olfactory bulb.
Chemosensory Malingering
Alan R. Hirsch in Neurological Malingering, 2018
The anterior olfactory nucleus receives afferent fibers from the olfactory tract and projects efferent fibers, decussating in the anterior commissure, and synapsing in the contralateral olfactory bulb. Efferent projections from the anterior olfactory nucleus, nondecussating, synapse on internal granular cells of the ipsilateral olfactory bulb.
Investigational drugs for the treatment of olfactory dysfunction
Published in Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs, 2022
Arianna Di Stadio, Cinzia Severini, Andrea Colizza, Marco De Vincentiis, Ignazio La Mantia
The neuroepithelium is connected through the axons of the ORN to the olfactory bulb, which contains glomerulus, mitral cells and tufted relay neurons. The axons converge in the glomerulus to form the first cranial nerve (olfactory nerve). The glomerulus is connected by synapses to the mitral cells; the latter together with the tufted relay neurons forms the olfactory tract. This structure bifurcates in the medial and lateral olfactory stria (y inverted-shaped). The olfactory stimulus is conducted through these structures up to the piriform cortex, the periamygdaloid cortex, the olfactory tuberculosis and the anterior olfactory nucleus. The primary olfactory cortex is formed by the medial and lateral olfactory stria and the anterior perforated substance. The lateral olfactory stria is extended posteriorly giving origin to the entorhinal area which, together with the uncus, forms the secondary olfactory cortex, also known as the orbitofrontal cortex (Figure 2). This area is straightly related to memory. The primary cortex is responsible for the active perception of the sense of smell, while the secondary one is the portion where the smell perception is integrated with emotions and memory.
Nose-to-brain drug delivery for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease: current advancements and challenges
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2022
Prabakaran A, Mukta Agrawal, Mithun Rajendra Dethe, Hafiz Ahmed, Awesh Yadav, Umesh Gupta, Amit Alexander
The olfactory nerve pathway is a direct and primary route of drug transport from the nasal cavity to the brain. Based on the nature of drug and cellular structure there are two mechanisms of drug transport including intracellular and extracellular paths. The intracellular path utilizes olfactory neurons usually for lipophilic moieties, while extracellular passage of hydrophilic or polar drugs takes place through olfactory epithelial cells [18,19]. The intracellular passage is a slower mode of drug transport to the brain which takes around 24 h, it is also considered as intraneural path 3. The axonal end of olfactory neurons starts from the mucus layer of olfactory epithelium and ends in cells of the mitral valve at the olfactory bulb by crossing the cribriform plate of lamina propria. This region is filled with CSF, and neurons are surrounded by olfactory ensheathing cells. This olfactory nerve channel is expanded to other different regions of the brain like piriform cortex, anterior olfactory nucleus, olfactory bundle, and hypothalamus [20]. In intracellular transport, the drug is taken up by the neurons via endocytosis from the olfactory epithelial cells and then it passes through the nerve channels and enters the olfactory and other regions of the brain. Besides, transcellular pathway involves drug transfer through passive diffusion, receptor mediated endocytosis, fluid phase endocytosis, etc. This mode is suitable for the passage of highly lipophilic molecules.
Low Fos expression in newly generated neurons of the main and accessory olfactory bulb following single maternal separation
Published in Stress, 2020
Monika Závodská, Kamila Fabianová, Marcela Martončíková, Adam Raček, Enikő Račeková
In this study, the stressful event for induction of Fos expression was single short-duration separation of rat pups from their dams. Although, MS is not a typical model of odor stimulation, the involvement of the olfactory system in mediation of the separation-evoked effects has been suggested formerly (Hofer, 1975). In our previous study, we have found increased Fos expression following SMS in neurons of the anterior olfactory nucleus (Fabianová et al., 2018) – an olfactory cortical structure that plays a significant role in olfactory signal processing (Illig, 2005). In the present work, we have shown SMS induced Fos expression in the MOB, and in the AOB – the structures dedicated to odor information processing and where expression of Fos protein is usually evoked by odor stimulation (Kay, 2011).
Related Knowledge Centers
- Forebrain
- Olfactory Bulb
- Piriform Cortex
- Sense of Smell
- Olfactory Tubercle
- Neuroscience Information Framework