LEVATOR SCAPULAE SYNDROME
Robert Maigne, Walter L. Nieves in Diagnosis and Treatment of Pain of Vertebral Origin, 2006
The levator scapulae is attached distally at the superior medial angle of the scapula and to the superior part of the spine of the scapula and proximally to the transverse processes of cervical vertebrae 1 through 5 (Fig. 51.1). It has a dual action: when the cervical spine is fixed, it elevates the scapula; if the scapula is fixed, it produces ipsilateral rotation and a lateral bending of the cervical spine. Tenderness to palpation of its scapular attachment is found very frequently on systematic examination. It is sometimes sufficiently sharp to cause spontaneous pain (Fig. 51.2).
Shoulder, Scapula, and Clavicle Radiography
Russell L. Wilson in Chiropractic Radiography and Quality Assurance Handbook, 2020
The shoulder and scapula can be radiographically evaluated at the same time. Therefore, a study to rule out fracture of the shoulder may not demonstrate clavicle or acromioclavicular joint pathology as well as dedicated views. All views of the clavicle or shoulder should be taken erect; this will provide some weight-bearing effect and generally less discomfort for the patient. The patient should be turned toward the shoulder of interest until the scapula is parallel to the film. The external rotation shoulder views should have the humerus epicondyle parallel to the film. The internal rotation view will have the epicondyle perpendicular to the film, or the humerus in a lateral position. The internal and external rotation views are routinely taken on nontraumatic injury shoulder studies.
Deltoid and Scapular Regions
Gene L. Colborn, David B. Lause in Musculoskeletal Anatomy, 2022
Some of the features of the deltoid and scapular regions may have been exposed previously, in the dissections of the back and pectoral regions. The dissection of the upper limb should be accompanied by frequent reference to the bony skeleton and illustrations in atlases. It should be performed bilaterally, so that one side of the specimen can later be used for study of the joints. In some individuals the cephalic vein terminates by entering the vascular bed of the deltoid muscle, so that little can be seen of the cephalic vein in the deltopectoral groove. The extent of the nerve roots torn through, or less serious trauma from tension on the nerves, with varying degrees of paralysis requiring a number of months for full recovery. With such a problem, functions of the hand are essentially normal, even though movements of the shoulder (and flexion of the elbow) are affected severely.
Scapula Skin-Dressing And Fiber-Processing Tools
Published in Plains Anthropologist, 1980
Information from ethnographic and archaeological literature supports the interpretation that some bison scapula tools were used for dressing skins. Sim!lar scapula artifacts may have been used for processing bark fiber used in making cordage or weaving. References to possible scapula processing tools from the Plains Northwest Coast, Great Lakes Riverine Area, and the Southeast are summarized. Specimens made of deer and elk scapulae probably represent functionally similar tool types. These artifacts may be more common than the available reports on Plains sites indicate, and archaeologists should exercise care when identifying scapula tools. We cannot assume that all scapula artifacts represent hoes or hoe fragments.
Adaptation of scapula lateral rotation after reverse anatomy shoulder replacement
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2008
Andreas Kontaxis, Garth R. Johnson
Scapula motion is significant for support of the arm and stability of the shoulder. The effect of the humeral elevation on scapular kinematics has been well investigated for normal subjects, but there are limited published studies investigating adaptations after shoulder arthroplasty. Scapula kinematics was measured on 10 shoulders (eight subjects) with a reverse total joint replacement. The measurements were performed using an instrumented palpating technique. Every subject performed three simple tasks: abduction, elevation in scapula plane and forward flexion. Results indicate that, lateral scapula rotation was significantly increased (average of 24.42% over the normal rhythm) but the change was variable. Despite the variability, there is a clear trend correlating humeral performance with increased rotation (R 2 0.829). There is clearly an adaptation in lateral scapula rotation in patients with shoulder joint replacement. The reason for this is unclear and may be related to joint pathology or to muscle adaptation following arthroplasty.
Presence of scapular dysfunction in dominant shoulder of professional guitar players
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2016
Nidhi A. Shah, Apurv P. Shimpi, Savita A. Rairikar, Shyam Ashok, Parag K. Sancheti
Background. Playing guitar can cause adoption of asymmetric postures and affect the shoulder's stability. Objective. To assess the presence of scapular dysfunction in professional guitar players. Method. A lateral scapular slide test was performed at the level of the spine of the scapula and at the inferior angle of the scapula in 20 professional guitar players (age: 18–40 years) and was compared with 20 age-matched non-players at angles of 0°, 45° and 90° of shoulder abduction with both limbs loaded with 0.5-kg weights. Analysis was done by unpaired t test. Results. Scapular dysfunction in guitar players was seen in the form of asymmetric scapula at rest in 25% and dyskinetic scapula in 20% of players. 100% of non-players had normal scapular positioning. Comparison at the level of the spine of the scapula showed no significant difference (p > 0.05), but the inferior angle showed a significant difference at 0° (1.37 cm), 45° (1.93 cm) and 90° (2.15 cm) which was more in the player's category (p < 0.05). Conclusion. There exists a marked dysfunction of scapular stabilizers in professional guitar players at the level of the inferior angle of the scapula.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Clavicle
- Ossification
- Humerus
- Shoulder
- Acromion
- Anatomy
- Bone