Cletus
Walter J. Hendelman, Peter Humphreys, Christopher R. Skinner in The Integrated Nervous System, 2017
The clinical examination of Cletus indicated weakness of all muscles on both sides below the umbilicus. A word of caution about describing localization of spinal levels of dysfunction: often, the spinal cord level is used to describe the level of dysfunction based on clinical exam. Using the Expanded Localization Matrix, we see that, in any given patient with a spinal cord lesion, the probable major clinical findings are, variously, loss of sensation to pinprick and temperature; loss of sensation to vibration, proprioception and discriminative touch; weakness, reflex changes and changes in muscle tone. Several terms are used to describe spinal cord injury and level. The observation of fasciculations in the tongue is very significant in that it shows lower motor neuron damage located above the level of the cervical spine. The lateral sclerosis (LS) part of the name refers to the lateral columns or lateral funiculi in which the corticospinal tracts run.
Stimulating sensory and body awareness
Chia Swee Hong, Heidi Rumford in Sensory Motor Activities for Early Development, 2020
Stimulating Sensory and body awareness are crucial in order for children to be able to gain meaningful information from the environment. Sensory stimulation is a technique that attempts to stimulate the child's senses tactile, vestibular, proprioceptive, visual, auditory, olfactory and gustatory through a variety of sensory stimuli. Tommy has low muscle tone and finds it hard to hold his head and coordinate his arm and hand movements, often presenting with some involuntary movements. Alina attended weekly swimming lessons in school and her family hired a private swimming pool for one hour each week. School and Alina's parents worked together to decide on the goal of encouraging her to walk up and down the length of the swimming pool twice at the beginning of the swimming session, before Alina could choose between her own activities or the class learning objectives. Her parents and the school kept a record of Alina's progress and ways to develop the activity further.
The Systemic Circulation
Peter Kam, Ian Power, Michael J. Cousins, Philip J. Siddal in Principles of Physiology for the Anaesthetist, 2020
The elastic nature of the aorta and large arteries converts the intermittent ventricular output to a continuous, pulsatile blood flow to the periphery. This effect is known as the hydraulic filter, or the Windkessel (pressure storage) effect. The Windkessel effect reduces the cardiac workload, as excess work must be done to pump a given flow intermittently rather than continuously. The functions of arterioles are reflected in the haemodynamic consequences of changes in arteriolar resistance on mean arterial blood pressure, the blood flow to individual organs and capillary hydrostatic pressure. Arterioles have three main functions: alter total peripheral resistance, alter the vascular resistances of individual organs, and alter capillary hydrostatic pressure. A number of local and systemic factors are involved in the control of arteriolar smooth muscle tone and radius; the relative importance of these factors varies between organs.
Possibilities of kinesio taping to prevent injuries of professional dancers
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2019
A literature review of the application of kinesio taping in the prevention of professional dancers’ injuries indicated frequent dance-related and overuse injuries and a lack of organized information about this issue. This study aimed to assess the impact of kinesio taping on the musculoskeletal system of dancers, based on scientific research data from 2015–2017. The analysis revealed that kinesio taping can effectively reduce muscle spasms, rebuild muscle strength of the injured extremity, improve static and dynamic balance and ease pain, due to its ability to improve proprioception of joints and regulate muscle tone. These effects reduce muscle imbalance and joint instability, thus increasing treatment efficacy and shortening the physical load limitation. Kinesio taping significantly reduces the risk of overuse syndromes and dance-related injuries during dance training and strenuous exercises of people with chronic musculoskeletal diseases. Therefore, kinesio taping has broad utility in primary and secondary prevention of dance-related injuries.
Advances in surgical strategies for prolapse
Published in Climacteric, 2019
A. Giannini, M. Caretto, E. Russo, P. Mannella, T. Simoncini
Pelvic floor dysfunctions are a complex condition in elderly women; pelvic organ prolapse, urinary or fecal incontinence, constipation, pelvic pain, and sexual dysfunction are common problems. The goal of surgical treatment is functional reconstruction with symptom management and repair of anatomic defects. The recent advancements in surgical treatment of pelvic floor dysfunction allow several good options for choosing the best surgery for each patient. The vaginal procedure is traditionally the gold standard approach for elderly patients, but abdominal surgery is increasing as a mini-invasive approach and the robotic approach is gaining acceptance for treatment of pelvic floor dysfunctions. In elderly individuals, a multitude of factors affects the final result of any reconstructive surgery such as postmenopausal or aging-associated changes in muscle tone and nerve function or changes in the function of the bladder or of the rectum: an understanding of the underlining functional status of pelvic organs is very important in aging women before proceeding to surgery. In this context, pelvic floor dysfunction, particularly in elderly women, should be addressed in a multidisciplinary manner and, at the forefront, centers for surgical planning could be helpful to perform safer, patient-tailored surgery.
Neurological Evaluation of Newborn Infants of Mothers Working in Citrus Groves in Northern Thailand
Published in International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health, 2011
Winslow Joseph Borkowski, Anne Riederer, Tippawan Prapamontol
The purpose of this pilot study was to assess neurological function in newborn infants born to mothers working in citrus orchards in Northern Thailand for a period in excess of one year where pesticide applications average 35 times a year. Forty-one infants from uncomplicated term births at the community hospital in Fang, Thailand, were given neurological evaluations during the first four days of life. This was a cross-sectional study in which nine mothers worked in citrus orchards and 32 mothers did not. Examiners were not given the exposure history of the mothers. Twelve infants—five of them born to mothers from citrus orchards—had examinations demonstrating abnormal muscle tone. Using logistic regression, the final model showed that maternal citrus grove exposure and anesthesia use were significant predictors (p < 0.05) of abnormal muscle tone with adjusted odds ratios of 9.82 (CI=1.42, 68.07) and 5.99 (CI=1.003, 35.85) for exposure and anesthesia respectively.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Anatomy
- Muscle Contraction
- Physiology
- REM Sleep
- Myocardium
- Neutral Spine
- Strain