Introduction and Examples
Robert Elashoff, Gang li, Ning Li in Joint Modeling of Longitudinal and Time-to-Event Data, 2017
This book describes statistical methodology for joint modeling of longitudinal data and time-to-event data. Although our examples focus mostly on biomedical applications, the statistical methods we shall present are applicable to longitudinal follow-up studies in all disciplines. In the area of longitudinal data analysis, joint models were originally developed to address such issues as nonignorable missing data and informative visit times. Missing data are nonignorable when the probability of missingness is related to the missing, unobserved values; otherwise, if the probability of missingness is not related to the missing values, the missing data mechanism is ignorable. Formal definitions of the missing data mechanisms are given in Chapter 2, Section 2.2. Joint models were also studied in the area of time-to-event data analysis for Cox’s (1972) proportional hazards model with time-dependent covariates that are measured intermittently and/or subject to measurement error. In addition, joint models are useful in studies where a repeatedly measured biomarker and a clinical time-to-event outcome are used as co-primary outcome variables to evaluate treatment efficacy.
Overview of Joint Models for Longitudinal and Time-to- Event Data
Robert Elashoff, Gang li, Ning Li in Joint Modeling of Longitudinal and Time-to-Event Data, 2017
This chapter is the core of this monograph, providing an overview of several main areas in which joint models have been developed to address statistical issues that cannot be handled in separate analysis of longitudinal and survival data. Specifically, in the first three sections, we discuss joint models that are used as a tool to tackle the nonignorable missing data problem in longitudinal studies. The topics include monotone missing data caused by continuous or discrete event times, and longitudinal measurements with both monotone and intermittent missing values.
Pathoanatomy of congenital clubfoot
R. L. Mittal in Clubfoot, 2018
This chapter provides a detailed description of pathoanatomy and principles of correction. The subtalar joint is a complex joint having a great role in the pathology of clubfoot. In severe clubfoot deformities, there is disorganization of the arched function of the foot and there is a definite functional handicap, even for normal functions with diminished earning capacity involving physical labor, in addition to the appearance along with the consequent psychological handicap. The abnormality of the deltoid and spring ligaments and the posterior capsule of the ankle joint all play a complementary role in causing and maintaining the deformity. The calcaneo-cuboid joint is an important joint in clubfoot deformity and gets deformed increasingly with increasing age. Idiopathic congenital clubfoot is one of the most common conditions seen in orthopedics, but it remains an unsolved problem. Equinus is the most important component of the clubfoot deformity.
Joint Abilities, Joint Know-how and Collective Knowledge
Published in Social Epistemology, 2020
ABSTRACT In this article, I introduce and analyze the notion of joint abilities; a species of ability possessed by agents who perform joint actions of a certain kind (or kinds). Joint abilities are abilities possessed by individual agents; however, they are possessed jointly. I also introduce and analyze an important species of joint abilities, namely, joint epistemic abilities - the exercise of which consists of joint epistemic action. (I also distinguish joint epistemic abilities from the related notion of joint know-how.) Joint epistemic actions yield collective knowledge of various kinds and many, but by no means all, joint epistemic actions consist of the exercise of joint epistemic abilities. Joint epistemic abilities are an important phenomenon since, it turns out, they underpin a good deal of collective knowledge, including a good deal of scientific knowledge. Finally, I address some problems that arise for my notion of joint epistemic abilities.
Mechanical properties and interface morphology of Mg/Al ultrasonic spot weld bonding welds
Published in Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, 2016
M. Feng, Y. Li, C. Zhao, Z. Luo
This paper investigates the mechanical properties and interface morphology of Mg/Al ultrasonic spot welding (USW) joint, adhesive bonding (AB) joint and ultrasonic spot weld bonding (USWB) joint. The peak load and fracture energy of USWB joint increased significantly compared to that of USW joint and AB joint. The USWB joint presented a hybrid fracture mode which was composed of the delamination failure at adhesive/Mg interface, cohesive failure within the adhesive and cleavage failure in the weld zone. The interface morphology suggested that USWB joint exhibited fewer defects in the cured adhesive matrix and elevated connection density of adhesive/metal interface, which improved joint strength and altered the fracture mode.
Joint attention in joint action
Published in Philosophical Psychology, 2013
Anika Fiebich, Shaun Gallagher
In this paper, we investigate the role of intention and joint attention in joint actions. Depending on the shared intentions the agents have, we distinguish between joint path-goal actions and joint final-goal actions. We propose an instrumental account of basic joint action analogous to a concept of basic action and argue that intentional joint attention is a basic joint action. Furthermore, we discuss the functional role of intentional joint attention for successful cooperation in complex joint actions. Anika Fiebich is PhD student in Philosophy at the Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany. Shaun Gallagher is Lilian and Morrie Moss Professor of Philosophy at the University of Memphis, USA.