Monitoring Walking in Health and Disease
Daniel Tze Huei Lai, Rezaul Begg, Marimuthu Palaniswami in Healthcare Sensor Networks, 2016
Gait analysis is based around the concept that walking is a cyclic activity and that measurements from a small number of cycles are representative of the gait pattern of an individual. The cycle can be divided into two phases. By convention the gait cycle starts at the time when a foot makes contact with the ground. The stance phase then lasts until the same foot is lifted off the ground, at which time the swing phase starts. This lasts while the foot is being advanced, until the next cycle and stance phase starts when the foot again makes contact with the floor. Gait variables are almost always plotted against time expressed as a percentage of the gait cycle. It is most common to have data from several cycles from the left and right sides superimposed on some representation of reference data collected from individuals with no neuromusculoskeletal condition that might affect walking.
Gait
Manoj Ramachandran, Tom Nunn in Basic Orthopaedic Sciences, 2018
A more objective method of assessing gait involves instrumented gait analysis, which in addition to video recordings in two planes, involves the following evaluations: Linear gait parameters.Kinematics.Kinetics.Electromyography (EMG).Energy expenditure.Pedobarography.
Neuromuscular disorders
Ashley W. Blom, David Warwick, Michael R. Whitehouse in Apley and Solomon’s System of Orthopaedics and Trauma, 2017
Computerized gait analysis ideally supplements observational gait analysis. Kinematics (joint and limb segment movement), kinetics (joint moments and powers), EMG (identification of the phases in which muscles are firing), pedobarography (foot pressures) and metabolic energy analysis (assessment of the ‘cost’ of walking) are all part of the analysis, as is a video recording which can be viewed from any direction and at any speed. Interpretation of all this data requires skill and experience and the application of the information to an individual child also requires a degree of common sense. Pattern recognition is important (in both forms of gait analysis). Perhaps its main role is to help the clinician determine the influence of dystonic posturing on gait and to identify the dynamic components that aggravate the fixed tightness seen on clinical examination.
Concurrent validity and repeatability of inertial sensor gait analysis system for the measurement of gait parameters of young healthy adults
Published in Cogent Medicine, 2018
Annukka Myllymäki, Eliisa Löyttyniemi, Maria Kaunismäki, Maiju Pesonen, Airi Oksanen
This research examined the validity and the repeatability of the RehaWatch® gait analysis system. Gait analysis is an important tool for health professionals to identify walking difficulties or effectiveness of treatment interventions. RehaWatch® is a body-worn inertial sensor system providing a possibility to simulate walking outside a laboratory setting. The knowledge concerning the validity and repeatability of RehaWatch® system is scarce. Concurrent validity of RehaWatch® can be established when concurrent measurements are verified to meet measurements of the GAITRite® walkway system. The repeatability of the RehaWatch® is essential to ensure that any difference in measurements between testing sessions reflects actual differences or changes, rather than a random or systematic error in the measurement technique. The study found that the RehaWatch® has acceptable validity and repeatability in most of the gait parameters in healthy young adults. Research is needed on the psychometric properties in subjects with different diseases and gait disorders.
Quantitative assessment of knee extensor thrust, flexed-knee gait, insufficient knee flexion during the swing phase, and medial whip in hemiplegia using three-dimensional treadmill gait analysis
Published in Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation, 2018
Norikazu Hishikawa, Hiroki Tanikawa, Kei Ohtsuka, Masahiko Mukaino, Keisuke Inagaki, Fumihiro Matsuda, Toshio Teranishi, Yoshikiyo Kanada, Hitoshi Kagaya, Eiichi Saitoh
Most people with hemiplegia experience a change in their gait patterns after a stroke. Abnormal gait patterns in stroke patients vary across subjects, which makes it difficult to assess the cause of gait abnormalities.1,2 Hence, gait analysis is important to objectively identify and quantify abnormal gait patterns and to understand the mechanisms responsible for the patterns.3 Among the various approaches in gait analysis, observational assessment is the most commonly used method in clinical settings.4–6 Although observational assessment is suitable for the identification of abnormal gait patterns,7 its interrater reliability was low.8–13 On the other hand, temporal and spatial parameters obtained with three-dimensional gait analysis are quantitative14–16 but they do not describe the quality of performance.14 Therefore, it is necessary to quantitatively evaluate abnormal gait patterns through instrumented gait analysis for stroke patients.
Management of a patient’s gait abnormality using smartphone technology in-clinic for improved qualitative analysis: A case report
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2018
William R. VanWye, Donald L. Hoover
Gait analysis is a common form of qualitative motion analysis used by clinicians. In addition, gait analysis is commonly used to prescribe devices that enhance movement efficiency. However, the limitations of the human eye to observe movement above a certain velocity raises a valid concern as to whether clinicians can accurately detect and diagnose conditions using purely visual assessment. With the availability of video technology, it seems a logical evolution to incorporate this technology into daily practice when indicated, much like any other diagnostic technology found in healthcare. In this fashion, the use of video to improve qualitative motion analysis and diagnoses, especially for the ankle, has been previously observed (Wren et al., 2005). In addition, less experienced clinicians are less accurate using solely visual assessment of gait and therefore video augmentation is recommend (Viehweger et al., 2010). Thus, all clinicians, especially less experienced observers of human motion, should consider digital video capture of gait for improving outcomes, especially for comparative signs prior to implementation of training and/or permanent devices.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Instrumentation
- Biomechanics
- Quantification
- Cerebral Palsy
- Parkinson's Disease
- Neuromuscular Disease
- Orthopedic Surgery
- Gait Kinetic Index
- Pedobarography
- Strobe Light