Musculoskeletal health in the community
Ben Y.F. Fong, Martin C.S. Wong in The Routledge Handbook of Public Health and the Community, 2021
Coordinator-Based Systems (CBS) have been recognised universally as a secondary fall prevention measure with solid evidence foundation in the reduction of overall hip fracture rate (Marsh et al., 2011). Respective dedicated coordinators are hired as the link among the orthopaedic clinic, the patient, the primary care physician and the osteoporosis and falls health care services unit. CBS include a fracture registry and a database to monitor the care provided to the fracture patients (Bonanni et al., 2017). An osteoporosis coordinator will proactively identify patients at high risk of falls and fractures, using a fragility fracture and facilitating bone mineral density testing in conjunction with health education on osteoporosis and health care service (Marsh et al., 2011). A CBS with an osteoporosis coordinator was found to have significantly improved bone mineral density (BMD) testing among community osteoporosis patients, and therefore could potentially increase the balancing stability and muscle strength and reduce the risk of falls (Marsh et al., 2011).
Kyphoplasty for the Treatment of Osteoporotic Compression Fractures
Alexander R. Vaccaro, Christopher M. Bono in Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery, 2007
Osteoporosis is the result of an imbalance between bone resorption and bone production. Osteoporotic bone is histologically normal, though it has a lower number of trabeculae that result in a decreased amount of bone per unit volume (4). The most common method of diagnosis is by bone mineral density testing (BMD) by dual-energy X ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan. With this test, osteoporosis has been defined by the World Health Organization as a BMD measuring less than 2.5 standard deviations below peak BMD of young, healthy individuals of the same sex. Once a fragility fracture has occurred, osteoporosis is considered severe.
Diagnosis
Peter V. Giannoudis, Thomas A. Einhorn in Surgical and Medical Treatment of Osteoporosis, 2020
Another conventional radiographic finding to suggest the presence of osteoporosis is the demonstration of a low-energy fragility fracture. The most frequent sites for fragility fractures are the spine, hip, wrist, and proximal humerus. Vertebral body compression fractures can be reliably diagnosed with conventional radiographs (Figure 4.2). The presence and number of vertebral compression fractures are correlated with the degree of osteoporosis. The more severe the osteoporosis, the greater the number of vertebral compression fractures (6).
Challenges in osteoporosis awareness and management: results from a survey of US postmenopausal women
Published in Journal of Drug Assessment, 2019
E. Michael Lewiecki, Deane Leader, Richard Weiss, Setareh A. Williams
A postmenopausal subject was classified as having osteoporosis if she self-reported an osteoporosis diagnosis by a healthcare professional. She was judged to be “at risk” for osteoporosis if she replied affirmatively to any of the following known risk factors for osteoporosis: (a) currently smokes cigarettes or smoked regularly within the past 5 years; (b) consumes 3 or more units of alcohol per day (1 unit is defined as one standard glass of beer [approximately 10 oz.]; one shot of whiskey [1 oz.]; a medium glass of wine [approximately 4 oz.]); (c) had a postmenopausal fracture; (d) father, mother, or sister has/had osteoporosis; (e) has confirmed rheumatoid arthritis; (f) currently uses or once used glucocorticoids for more than 3 months at a dose of 5 mg/day or more of prednisolone (or equivalent doses of other glucocorticoids); and (g) experienced premature menopause (i.e. menopause occurring before age 45 years). The subsequent use of the term “fracture” relates to a fragility fracture, which was defined as having a fractured/broken bone resulting from a fall from a standing height or lower9,10.
Prevalence and influencing factors of spinal cord injury-related osteoporosis and fragility fractures in Thai people with chronic spinal cord injury: A cross-sectional, observational study
Published in The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 2023
Kanyanat Mahitthiharn, Apichana Kovindha, Tawikar Kaewchur, Leslie R. Morse, Sintip Pattanakuhar
The prevalence of fragility fracture in this study was only 9.4%, which is significantly lower than that reported in previous studies. Previous studies reported the prevalence of fragility fracture between 20% and 49%.10,12–14 In addition to the difference in the baseline characteristics including duration of SCI, completeness, sex, and age, this might be due to a relatively lower percentage of active wheelchair users in our study. Fragility fracture following SCI is multifactorial, including both bone quality/quantity factor and level of activity.7 For example, an individual with a C4 AIS A injury might have low bone density or osteoporosis but no history of fragility fracture due to less frequent engagement in high risk activities (e.g. transferring, or active wheelchair propelling). Of note, this difference in prevalence is consistent with results from studies in able-bodied individuals, showing a higher fragility fracture prevalence in White people when compared with other ethnicities.17,22 Regarding the site of fragility fracture, our finding is consistent with prior studies showing that the most common fragility fracture site in people with chronic SCI was at lower extremities, including a femoral shaft, distal femur, tibial shaft, and distal tibia.13,24,32,33
A cross-sectional study of the relationship between recreational sporting activity and calcaneal bone density in adolescents and young adults
Published in The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 2022
Hansa Patel, Lisa Woods, Paul Teesdale-Spittle, Elaine Dennison
Osteoporosis is a major public health problem through its association with fragility fracture [1]. Osteoporosis is often described as a disease which occurs when one becomes older and is more commonly described in females, and preventative methods often focus on older people [2]. However, optimization of peak bone mass (PBM) is critical during the periods of childhood and adolescent bone development [3]. Modifiable lifestyle behaviors such as physical activity (PA) have a major impact on the development of bones throughout life, with impact sports appearing more beneficial to bone mineral accrual than non-impact sport [4]. PBM is hence a major determinant of later fracture risk [5,6]. The importance of engagement in sporting activity in childhood and adolescence was recently demonstrated by Mantovani and colleagues, who found that men who reported they were inactive in childhood and adolescence had bone mineral content around 11% lower than active men in childhood or adolescence, whereas for women, this difference was larger at 14% [7].
Related Knowledge Centers
- Bone Fracture
- Osteoporosis
- Cancer
- Infection
- Osteomyelitis
- Bone Cyst
- Osteomalacia
- Paget'S Disease of Bone
- Osteitis
- Osteogenesis Imperfecta