History, Evolution, and Current Scenario of Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery
Haribhakti Sanjiv in Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery, 2020
NOTES was developed to avoid or reduce scars over the abdomen, but as of now it has not gained much success for a variety of reasons, and for colorectal surgery it appears to be far away from becoming a option of the treatment. NOTES’ relative failure led to the development of SILS, although few surgeries are being performed with this technique and it has not become very popular as a result of inadequate instrumentations, lack of triangulation, and technical difficulties [38]. Better instrumentation is the need of the hour in order to make the SILS technique more acceptable. 3D camera systems have improved the quality of vision through better depth perception. A few surgeons feel dizziness and headache when working on 3D laparoscopy, which is an issue that needs to be considered. There is more evidence suggesting its advantages over conventional 2D camera systems, but we need more data for long-term benefits [39]. It may be beneficial for a few procedures and may not be beneficial for others, as it adds to the costs of the procedure as well. Surgical robots enhance the surgeon's skills and comfort, and in certain areas, like in the deep pelvis, they definitely make life more comfortable but clinical outcome improvements have yet to be decided upon as the technology needs further refinement. Robotic rectal surgery deep in the pelvis, especially in male pelvis and large rectal mass, does help in few situations. As of now, it adds much to the cost of the procedure, but once these go down, robotic platforms definitely have a future in laparoscopic colorectal surgery.
Clarify vision and direction
Amar Rughani, Joanna Bircher in The Leadership Hike, 2020
Here are two examples of vision. In both of them, the shared purpose of delivering medical care is either explicit or implied. However, can you also see how the practices have infused their shared purpose with their values?The Coaltown medical centre describe their vision as being ‘to provide excellent care for our community with compassion in our hearts and kindness in our processes’.They came up with this wording after a discussion that identified that access problems and overwork were affecting their core value of compassion, and that systems such as the website and phone lines were alienating people, who found them cold and unhelpful.The Ash Green practice stated their vision as: ‘By treating each other as family, we will have patients, colleagues and students queuing up to join our practice’.For Ash Green, their core values include a strong supportive team spirit and being a culture where everyone learns from each other.
Sensory contributions to control
Andrea Utley in Motor Control, Learning and Development, 2018
The detection of information outside of the fovea region occurs by means of peripheral vision (also referred to as ambient vision). Peripheral vision is primarily responsible for spatial orientation; it is a subconscious function independent of focal vision whose primary role is to orient an individual in the environment. For example, you can occupy focal vision by reading this book (a conscious action), while simultaneously obtaining sufficient orientation cues with peripheral vision to walk to your next lecture (a subconscious function). Peripheral vision is important in many sports. For example, a defender may have their eyes fixed on the player with the ball; however, at the same time they will perceive a player running down the field to perhaps receive the pass, but will not likely be able to determine detail (opponent’s identity or the quality of coverage by a teammate); Figure 7.4.
The Prevalence of Astigmatism and Spectacle Wear in Polish Schoolchildren
Published in Journal of Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility, 2023
Piotr Kanclerz, Natasza Bazylczyk, Carla Lanca
A unique feature of our study is that it shows the proportion of astigmatic children wearing glasses. Large amounts or unilateral astigmatism often leads to amblyopia,6 which could often be undetected as children may not complain about insufficient vision. The awareness of vision difficulties in children is associated with older age and greater visual impairment.34,35 The results of our study confirm that several cases of astigmatism in children were uncorrected, and, if it is unilateral or the difference between eyes is large, may potentially lead to amblyopia. In this study, cylindrical anisometropia was non-significantly common in children with higher levels of astigmatism (25.0%, 34.5% and 38.5%, respectively). Still, only 15.8–40.0% of children with astigmatism and cylindrical anisometropia were wearing spectacles during the examination. Those results highlight the importance of regular eye checks and vision examinations which should be carried out during childhood.7 Furthermore, there is a requirement for high awareness among parents and teaching staff regarding vision problems in children. The results of this study also warrant further investigations on early detection and correction of astigmatism during childhood.
A Case of Syphilis with a Rare Finding: Subretinal Hypopyon
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2023
Pınar Kaya, Pınar Çakar Özdal
Toxic optic neuropathy is a general name given to visual disturbances caused by optic nerve damage, either directly or through metabolites of neurotoxic substances.14 In addition, these substances can also damage the optic nerve with the malnutrition that they cause.15 Bilateral involvement and painless progressive vision loss are among the most important symptoms of toxic neuropathy.16 Color vision can be affected in different ways.14 Optic disc appearance may be edematous, hemorrhagic, or atrophic, depending on whether the disease is acute or long-term.17 Similar features between toxic optic neuropathy and our case are the bilateral involvement and progressive course. The absence of prominent eye pain may also have an influence on evaluating the patient as toxic optic neuropathy. However, the most important factor leading to a misdiagnosis was certainly the fact that the patient was a substance abuser. We must remember that toxic optic neuropathy is a diagnosis of exclusion, and syphilis is one of the most important diseases to be excluded. In publications on toxic optic neuropathy, it is recommended that the patient should be screened for syphilis.15,17 If the patient had been initially screened for syphilis, antibiotic treatment would have been started immediately, and the poor visual prognosis could have been prevented.
Masking Colour Blindness: A Case Report
Published in Neuro-Ophthalmology, 2023
Antonia Kartika, Raisha Pratiwi Indrawati, Angga Kartiwa, Rusti Hanindya Sari, Dianita Veulina Ginting, Prettyla Yollamanda
Colour vision is important for some occupations that need good colour discrimination. Identification of colours requires normal function of photoreceptors containing visual pigment responsible for short (blue), medium (green), and long (red) wavelengths, which are the S-cones, M-cones, and L-cones, respectively. Normal colour vision is known as trichromacy.4 However, if one of this photoreceptors is absent or defective, dysfunction in colour perception will be present. Anomaly of a photoreceptor is known as anomalous trichromacy, absence of one of the photoreceptor cones is called dichromacy, and absence of two of the photoreceptor cones is called monochromacy. Anomalous trichromacy can cause tritanomaly, deuteranomaly, or protanomaly. Dichromacy can cause tritanopia, deuteranopia, or protanopia. Monochromacy, which is caused by the absence of red and green cones, is called blue cone monochromacy. The absence of all cones is called achromatopsia or total colour vision loss.1,2,5 Red-green colour deficiency is the most prevalent form of CVD. Red-green CVD is caused by the absence of M-cones or L-cones, causing deuteranopia and protanopia, respectively.6 In this condition, there are overlapping of green and red wavelength bands received by cone photoreceptors, causing abnormality of deutan and protan colour perception.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Color Vision
- Mesopic Vision
- Perception
- Photopic Vision
- Visual Acuity
- Visual System
- Scotopic Vision
- Visible Spectrum
- Psychology
- Neuroscience