Visual systems
Nicholas Green, Steven Gaydos, Hutchison Ewan, Edward Nicol in Handbook of Aviation and Space Medicine, 2019
Binocular rivalry: results from presentation of dissimilar images to each eye (dichoptic viewing). Can be induced by differences in image colour, resolution, field of view, motion, luminance or displacement.Brain resolves this problem by suppressing one of the images, most commonly from non-dominant eye.May be difficult to make necessary attention switch to attend to appropriate visual input.Can lead to significant fatigue, especially during a long sortie or in situations where there is obvious system flicker or poor image quality: Bright green phosphor in right eye, leading to difficulty in attending to a darker visual scene via left eye (e.g. cockpit).Bright city lights causing difficulty in shifting view to HMD.
ENTRIES A–Z
Philip Winn in Dictionary of Biological Psychology, 2003
Alternation of the perception of the images in the two eyes. For high-contrast stimuli in each eye that are dissimilar in shape, perception tends to alternate irregularly between the monocular images, with one image being perceptually suppressed while the other dominates. The alternation follows a random pattern that can be described statistically and is generally not under voluntary control. Recent evidence suggests that binocular rivalry is a manifestation of generalized pattern rivalry in the VISUAL CORTEX rather than being based on eye of origin.
Vision in children with autism spectrum disorder: a critical review
Published in Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 2018
In a recent study, Karaminis et al.2017 investigated binocular rivalry in ASD. Binocular rivalry occurs when the two eyes are presented with images that are not compatible, and to avoid confusion of this percept, visual perception oscillates between the two images from each eye, and may amalgamate for brief periods of time. Inhibition of visual information is required for binocular rivalry to occur, and some studies have reported that cortical inhibition is atypical in ASD, due to altered release and signalling of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters.2003 Therefore Karaminis et al.2017 hypothesised that if there were an imbalance in the excitation/inhibition neural mechanisms in ASD, then binocular rivalry would be altered. They investigated this in 16 children with ASD aged 7–14-years and typically developing age‐ and IQ‐matched controls and reported that while there was no difference in the number of transitions of fixation between the ASD and control participants, children with ASD showed shorter durations of mixed percepts. They concluded that the dynamics of binocular rivalry are altered in ASD.
The Role of Binocularity in Anisometropic Amblyopia
Published in Journal of Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility, 2019
Sarah J. Murray, Charlotte J. Codina
The level of binocular rivalry and suppression can be altered in normal observers and to varying degrees by the manipulation of a uniocular image. There were four propositions about binocular rivalry made by Willem Levelt in 1965 that were ‘updated’ by JW Brascamp and colleagues.36 They are as follows: A stronger stimulus signal will increase the predominance of that eye’s perception.Increasing the interocular difference between the stimuli will lengthen the average time of perceptual dominance of the stronger stimulus.Increasing the interocular difference between the stimuli will lead to a reduced perceptual alteration rate.Equally increasing stimulus strength to both eyes increases the perceptual alteration rate.
Late Surgical Correction of Longstanding Constant Strabismus in Adults: Is Fusion Possible in All Successfully Aligned Patients?
Published in Journal of Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility, 2020
Sühan Tomaç, Enes Uyar, Tuğrul Akın, Fatih Mehmet Mutlu, Halil İbrahim Altınsoy
Kushner and Morton2 and Murray et al.5 found a binocular response in adult patients after surgical alignment when tested with the BSG test (86% and 88%, respectively); however, they did not explain whether the responses were at near or distance. With the BSG test, all of our patients and all the patients of Dickmann et al.6 showed a fusion response at near, whereas 29 (87%) of our patients, and 9 (69%) of their patients showed fusion at distance. Although they described their results as an anomalous binocular cooperation, findings of our study together with their study suggested the different results between near and distance may be due to the increase of binocular rivalry at distance. On the other hand, Morris et al.3 and Scott et al.4 reported the results of W4D test at near as peripheral fusion, but did not report the results of the W4D test at distance in their patients after surgical alignment. On the W4D test, 25 (75%) of our patients and 6 (46%) of the patients of Dickmann et al.6 showed anomalous fusion at near, whereas 7 (21%) of our patients and 5 (38%) of their patients showed anomalous fusion at distance.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Color
- Eye
- Neuroimaging
- Retina
- Stereopsis
- Visual Perception
- Dichoptic Presentation
- Flash Suppression
- Stereoscopy
- Stereoscope