Nutritional Ergogenic Aids: Introduction, Definitions and Regulatory Issues
Ira Wolinsky, Judy A. Driskell in Nutritional Ergogenic Aids, 2004
Humans widely differ in the amount of macular pigment in the fovea, which can be increased by dietary intake of foods rich in lutein or zeaxanthin, such as spinach, corn40 or eggs.34 People with low levels of macular pigment may be at increased risk of developing macular degeneration with advancing age, a leading cause of blindness in the U.S. among persons older than 65 years. Serum carotenoid levels, except lycopene, were significantly lower in subjects with neovascular age-related macular degeneration41 than in matched controls. The dietary intake of lutein and zeaxanthin, particularly from spinach and collard greens, was also found to be significantly lower in cases of macular degeneration. The additional oxidative stress produced by smoking greatly increased the risk of macular degeneration in persons with low intake of lutein/zeaxanthin, but the highest levels of intake ameliorated the effect of smoking.42 As an additional bonus, lutein and zeaxanthin seem to promote clearer lenses, decreasing the risk of developing cataracts,39 which are thought to develop as a consequence of accumulating oxidative damage to lens proteins.
Chronic Hyperglycemia Impairs Vision, Hearing, and Sensory Function
Robert Fried, Richard M. Carlton in Type 2 Diabetes, 2018
Macular degeneration causes loss in the center of the field of vision. In dry macular degeneration, the center of the macula deteriorates. With wet macular degeneration, leaky blood vessels grow under the retina. The National Eye Institute of the National Institutes of Health has a website titled “What you should know about age-related macular degeneration.” It features “What is AMD?” AMD is a common eye condition and a leading cause of vision loss among people age 50 and older. It causes damage to the macula, a small spot near the center of the retina and the part of the eye needed for sharp, central vision, which lets us see objects that are straight ahead.In some people, AMD advances so slowly that vision loss does not occur for a long time. In others, the disease progresses faster and may lead to a loss of vision in one or both eyes. As AMD progresses, a blurred area near the center of vision is a common symptom. Over time, the blurred area may grow larger or you may develop blank spots in your central vision. Objects also may not appear to be as bright as they used to be. AMD by itself does not lead to complete blindness, with no ability to see. However, the loss of central vision in AMD can interfere with simple everyday activities, such as the ability to see faces, drive, read, write, or do close work, such as cooking or fixing things around the house.
Principles and theories
Emily Ying Yang Chan in Disaster Public Health and Older People, 2019
Vision is another significant sensory decline that older people might experience with ageing. Presbyopia, cataract and age-related macular degeneration are common eye conditions associated with ageing. Presbyopia is the blurring of near vision which results from the decrease in focusing ability of the eyes. The condition is commonly experienced by middle age globally. Cataracts are the increasing opacity of the crystalline lens and the intensity of opacification increases with ageing. Clinically, genetic predisposition and environmental exposures could affect the age of onset, rate of progression and level of visual damage. Fortunately, there are simple interventions available to revert the condition. Age related-macular degeneration is the leading cause of blindness in upper-middle to high-income countries. As a result of ageing, macular degeneration causes retinal damage and might cause rapid severe vision impairment/blindness. Visual impairment limits mobility (person and driving), affects social interaction and participation, creates barriers to information access and increases risk to injury. With limited visual simulation, there might also be a decline of cognitive function.
Hormone Therapy as a Protective Factor for Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Published in Ophthalmic Epidemiology, 2020
Jennifer L. Patnaik, Anne M. Lynch, Brandie D. Wagner, E. Lacey Echalier, Wendy M. Kohrt, Marc T. Mathias, Frank S. Siringo, Alan G. Palestine, Naresh Mandava
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the United States and other developed countries. Age-related macular degeneration is a progressive disease of the macula in which patients experience central vision loss in advanced stages, including the neovascular (NV) and geographic atrophy (GA) forms of the disease.1 This sight-threatening disease can significantly reduce the quality of life. The prevalence of AMD is high with approximately 11 million persons affected with some form of AMD in the U.S. In addition, more than 1 out of 10 people older than 80 years have advanced stages of the disease.2 As life expectancy increases and our population ages, the impact of this debilitating condition is expected to increase with a doubling between 2010 and 2050.3
(3R, 3’R)-zeaxanthin protects the retina from photo-oxidative damage via modulating the inflammation and visual health molecular markers
Published in Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology, 2019
Kazim Sahin, Fatih Akdemir, Cemal Orhan, Mehmet Tuzcu, Hasan Gencoglu, Nurhan Sahin, Ibrahim H. Ozercan, Shakir Ali, Ismet Yilmaz, Vijaya Juturu
The macula is a small, oval, yellowish region, near the centre of the eye on the retina, and oxidative stress and inflammation are linked with the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a progressively degenerative multifactorial ailment, which occurs at the central area of the retina and causes extreme visual impairment1,2. AMD is accepted as the primary cause of blindness in elderly adults who live in the industrialized countries3. High dietary intake of foods containing widely known macular carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin, also known as xanthophyll retinal antioxidants, has been correlated with lower incidence of AMD4–6. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), the major oxidative damage source of DNA lipid and proteins, are produced by the absorption of UV and blue light by a photosensitizing component or molecule7–9. It was also shown that rat photoreceptors can be prevented from the oxidative stress via the pretreatment of zeaxanthin and lutein along with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)10.
Physical Activity Self-Efficacy in Older Adults with Vision Loss: A Grounded Theory Study
Published in Occupational Therapy In Health Care, 2023
Beth A. Barstow, Nataliya V. Ivankova, Laura K. Vogtle, Laura Dreer, Brian Geiger, Laurie A. Malone
In industrialized countries, the most prevalent cause of low vision is age-related macular degeneration (AMD) (NEI, 2020). The National Eye Institute (2020) defines age-related macular degeneration as a progressive chronic eye condition affecting the macular area of the retina. The macula, located in the central 20 degrees of the visual field, is composed primarily of cone cells responsible for providing information regarding the color, contrast and detail of objects and environments. Individuals with AMD have difficulty with tasks that require fine-detail vision such as reading, recognizing faces, and detecting low contrast drop-offs such as unmarked curbs (NEI, 2020). Additionally, individuals experience fluctuations in vision, macular scotomas, photophobia, and slow dark/light adaptation (NEI, 2020).
Related Knowledge Centers
- Blurred Vision
- Drusen
- Retina
- Visual Impairment
- Visual Field
- Visual Release Hallucinations
- Macula
- Eye Examination
- Anti-Vegf
- Laser Coagulation