Cancer Drugs and Treatment Formulations for Women-Associated Cancers
Shazia Rashid, Ankur Saxena, Sabia Rashid in Latest Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment of Women-Associated Cancers, 2022
Uterine cancer was shown to be responsible for 7% of all cancer cases and 4% of female cancer deaths [5]. Uterine cancer affects one out of every 36 women. It is cancer of the uterine lining, the endometrium, which makes it more prevalent than cervical or ovarian malignancies. Unlike cervical cancer, it is not a gynaecological malignancy caused by HPV. Hormonal imbalances, notably estrogen, play a key role in the development of uterine cancer, which, like breast cancer, feeds on estrogen. Taking estrogen after menopause, birth control pills, a higher number of menstrual cycles (over a lifetime), previous or current use of tamoxifen for breast cancer, infertility, obesity and having polycystic ovarian syndrome are all factors that can alter hormone levels and increase the risk of uterine cancer [5].
Hereditary Colorectal Cancer
Peter Sagar, Andrew G. Hill, Charles H. Knowles, Stefan Post, Willem A. Bemelman, Patricia L. Roberts, Susan Galandiuk, John R.T. Monson, Michael R.B. Keighley, Norman S. Williams in Keighley & Williams’ Surgery of the Anus, Rectum and Colon, 2019
The most common extracolonic cancer in patients with LS is uterine cancer. In 100 women with uterine cancer diagnosed younger than age 50, nine had Lynch Syndrome.159 Hampel reported on an unselected cohort of 543 patients with uterine cancer and found 118 (21.7%) were MSI. Nine of the 118 had Lynch Syndrome, as well as one patient with an MSS tumour who had an MSH6 mutation.160 Unfortunately screening for uterine cancer, even with a pelvic ultrasound and uterine biopsy, has not been shown to be effective.166–168 This puts the burden squarely on hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy to minimise the changes of a gynaecologic cancer. The surgery is generally advised in women who have completed childbearing. The effectiveness of the surgery is startling, as reported by Schmeler et al.169
Nutraceutical’s Role in Proliferation and Prevention of Gynecological Cancers
Sheeba Varghese Gupta, Yashwant V. Pathak in Advances in Nutraceutical Applications in Cancer, 2019
Postmenopausal women get affected more often with endometrial cancer. The histological subtypes of endometrial cancer are of epithelial origin, which are further categorized as Type I, adenocarcinomas of endometrioid type, or Type II, adenocarcinomas of nonendometrioid type. Type I endometrial cancer is typically hormone sensitive and common in women exposed to estrogens unopposed by progesterone. Type II endometrial cancer generally originates from atrophic endometrial tissues, with poor differentiation. It is not linked with estrogen or progestogen stimulation and shows high chances of metastasis [8]. Estrogen and estrogen–progestogen hormone replacement therapy is one of the major causes of uterine cancer [9]. Current line of treatment for uterine cancer is surgery, radio- and chemotherapy, which can be used separately or in combination. In surgery, salpingoophorectomy, laparoscopic surgery, supracervical hysterectomy, total, and radical hysterectomy can be implicated. The commonly used chemotherapeutic drugs in uterine cancers are carboplatin, cisplatin, doxorubicin, and paclitaxel [8].
The current clinical approach to newly diagnosed uterine cancer
Published in Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy, 2020
Olga T. Filippova, Mario M. Leitao
Uterine cancer is the most common gynecologic malignancy, accounting for approximately 50% of all diagnosed gynecologic malignancies in the United States [1]. It is also the fourth most common cancer overall among women, with an estimated 65,620 new diagnoses expected in the United States in 2020 [1]. Since the early 1980s, the incidence of uterine cancer among White women in the United States has stayed relatively steady, while rates among Black, Hispanic, and other minority groups have increased, particularly since the late 1990s [2]. Although 75% of patients present with stage I disease and have a favorable prognosis [2], an estimated 12,590 women die of endometrial cancer each year [1]. Furthermore, the 5-year survival rate for women diagnosed with uterine cancer has decreased from 85.2% in 2000 to 81.7% in 2006–2012 [3]. The objective of this article is to review the landmark evidence base that can help guide clinical decision-making in the management of women diagnosed with endometrial cancer.
Long-term risk of uterine malignancies in women with uterine fibroids confirmed by myomectomy: a population-based study
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2022
Recent studies suggest that leiomyosarcomas do not arise from the malignant change of fibroids. However, several studies have shown that having a history of uterine fibroids is related to uterine cancer (Brinton et al. 2005; Fortuny et al. 2009; Wise et al. 2016; Johnatty et al. 2020). In previous studies, uterine cancer was diagnosed soon after the diagnosis of uterine fibroids; thus, there is a possibility that the existing uterine cancer could be mistaken for uterine fibroids. (Brinton et al. 2005; Wise et al. 2016). Some fibroids were based on self-reports, and some fibroids were not diagnosed prior to diagnosis of endometrial cancer. (Johnatty et al. 2020). Due to these problems, our study was conducted with patients who had uterine fibroids confirmed by myomectomy. Since no studies have yet investigated the long-term risk of uterine cancer in patients with uterine fibroids confirmed by myomectomy, we conducted this study to determine whether uterine fibroids confirmed by myomectomy are a risk factor for uterine cancer.
Real-world utilization of molecular diagnostic testing and matched drug therapies in the treatment of metastatic cancers
Published in Journal of Medical Economics, 2018
Anita Chawla, Miranda Peeples, Nanxin Li, Rachel Anhorn, Jason Ryan, James Signorovitch
For each cancer-specific cohort, the proportion of patients who underwent any biopsy procedures and any molecular diagnostic testing during the observation period is presented in Figure 2; additional data on utilization are presented in Supplementary Appendix E (all patients) and Supplementary Appendix F (≥65 years old). The observed frequencies for biopsy procedures among all patients ranged from 7% for uterine cancer to 73% for ovarian. For breast, NSCLC, colorectal, and head and neck cancer, the observed frequencies of biopsy procedures were 23%, 31%, 31%, and 33%, respectively. Among patients ≥65 years old, the observed frequencies for biopsy procedures ranged from 9–81%. Across cancer-specific cohorts, the observed frequencies of molecular diagnostic tests among all patients were 52% for breast, 42% for NSCLC, 37% for colorectal, 34% for head and neck, 41% for ovarian, and 42% for uterine cancer; among patients ≥65 years old, the observed frequencies for diagnostic tests were less than 50%—42%, 41%, 31%, 30%, 38%, and 36%, respectively.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Endometrial Cancer
- Metabolic Syndrome
- Obesity
- Pelvis
- Endometrium
- Cancer
- Vagina
- Uterus
- Uterine Sarcoma
- Vaginal Bleeding