Effects of solar radiation, air pollution, and artificial blue light on the skin
Roger L. McMullen in Antioxidants and the Skin, 2018
There are three different types of skin cancer: basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and malignant melanoma. The latter of this group is the most dangerous and least frequently found type of skin cancer, substantiating only 5% of diagnosed skin cancer cases.56 It can be found anywhere there is pigmentation; it is essentially cancer of the melanocytes, and it is able to metastasize to nearby blood vessels and lymph nodes.56 As may be inferred from the names, basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma arise from keratinocytes of the basal layer and the stratum spinosum, respectively. These two types of skin cancer are much more common than malignant melanoma, but much less threatening as they are less likely to metastasize before detection.
Involvement of Dopamine with Various Cancers
Nira Ben-Jonathan in Dopamine, 2020
Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer, accounting for about 40% of global cancer cases. There are three main types of skin cancers: basal cell skin cancer (BCC), squamous-cell skin cancer (SCC), and melanoma. The first two (along with a few less common skin cancers) are known as non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC), which afflicts 2–3 million people worldwide. About 80% of NMSCs are BCCs and 20% are SCCs, both of which rarely result in death. BCC grows slowly and can damage the tissue around it but is unlikely to spread to distant areas or result in death. SCC is more likely to spread, and melanomas are the most aggressive. Globally, melanoma occurs in more than 200,000 people, resulting in 50,000 deaths. White people in Australia, New Zealand and South Africa have the highest rates of melanoma.
Injuries and risks while lifeguarding
Mike Tipton, Adam Wooler in The Science of Beach Lifeguarding, 2018
All lifeguards should be checked annually by a dermatologist for signs of skin cancer. Skin cancer survival rates are much higher with early detection. Melanoma is the most serious of all skin cancers. It has a significantly worse prognosis than the more common basal cell or squamous cell cancers. The five-year survival rate of melanoma is 91% [7]. This survival rate decreases greatly if the cancer has already spread prior to detection [8]. The World Health Organization estimates that more than 65,000 people a year worldwide die from melanoma [4]. The signs of a skin cancer include a mole that is changing, a spot that is increasing in size, a lesion that bleeds, an irregular spot or a purple, black or red lesion. A dermatologist should check any questionable lesion. Minor (basal, squamous) skin cancers usually require only local removal. Melanoma may need significant surgery and possibly chemotherapy. Individuals with one skin cancer are at a higher subsequent risk for other skin cancers [9,10]. Lifeguards with melanoma are usually advised to seek other less sun-exposed employment. These work-related, life-changing conditions are not only emotionally tough but they also result in significant financial exposure to the employing agency [6].
Optimisation of ethosomal nanogel for topical nano-CUR and sulphoraphane delivery in effective skin cancer therapy
Published in Journal of Microencapsulation, 2020
Kriti Soni, Ali Mujtaba, Md. Habban Akhter, Ameeduzzafar Zafar, Kanchan Kohli
Skin cancer, an abnormal emergence of cutaneous impairment is one of the most common types of malignant growth and can prompt deformation of skin cells and further led to systemic migration of malignant cells if not analysed and treated early (Priya et al. 2017). Over the previous decades, the prevalence of skin cancer has grown rigorously; the rationale behind these could be multi-factorial including more exposure to UV rays, inflammatory agents, carcinogens induced from external sources, tumour promotor, genetic disorder and sometimes occurrence of moles on the skin. The skin cancer may be categorised into different types; Basal cell skin carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and melanoma. The benign state of cancer may grow further enter to metastasis phase thereby abnormal cells migrate into distinguished parts of body via systemic circulation. 90% of instances of skin malignancy are brought about by exposure to UV rays from sunlight (Hayano et al. 2012).
Skin delivery of resveratrol encapsulated lipidic formulation for melanoma chemoprevention
Published in Journal of Microencapsulation, 2019
Padmini Ravikumar, Mahesh Katariya, Sushil Patil, Pratima Tatke, Raviraj Pillai
The major cause of skin cancer is chronic solar exposure (Aditya and Gupta 2013). Melanoma skin cancer, one of the most chemotherapy-resistant malignancies, is of an aggressive type that can metastasise and cause death. It originates from melanocytes, the pigment-producing cells. Although it comprises only 5% of all skin cancers, approximately 80% of all skin cancer-related deaths are attributed to melanoma, (Kanavy and Gerstenblith 2011, Lin et al.2013). Melanoma is categorised into five stages. Stage 0 is non-invasive and seen in the epidermis whereas Stage I is 2 mm thick without ulceration. Stage II melanoma may be ulcerative with a thickness of more than 4 mm. In stage III, the cancer has spread to one or more lymph nodes or nearby lymphatic channels, but not to distant sites and stage IV represents metastasis to other parts of the body (Markus MacGill 2018).
Baker’s yeast induces apoptotic effects and histopathological changes on skin tumors in mice
Published in Cogent Medicine, 2018
Amany Elwakkad, Mamdooh Ghoneum, Mamdouh El-sawi, Saadia Ibrahim Mohamed, Amina A. Gamal el Din, Deyu Pan, Ghada Mahmoud Elqattan
Baker’s yeast is an essential component for the production of fermented foods like bread and beer. Our earlier studies showed that heat-killed baker’s yeast exerts anticancer activity against different types of cancer. This is based on the observation that cancer cells can engulf yeast, which ultimately shuts down and kills the cancer cell from within. This study aims to assess baker’s yeast as a novel natural product that can cause the death of skin cancer cells in animals. Several parameters were examined and show skin tumors stopped growing and regressed in mice treated with yeast compared to those untreated. Though several treatments for skin cancer exist, these are known to have severe side effects. We show the anticancer effects of yeast as a safe, non-toxic agent, which may suggest its possible use as treatment against skin cancer in humans.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Melanoma
- Metastasis
- Telangiectasia
- Ulcer
- Skin
- Cancer
- Melanocytic Nevus
- Cell
- Basal-Cell Carcinoma
- Cutaneous Squamous-Cell Carcinoma