Lumps and lesions
Manu Shah, Ariyaratne de Silva in The Male Genitalia, 2018
The vast majority of genital lesions are benign. Some may be sexually acquired (e.g. viral warts, mollusca) and some may be part of a generalised condition (e.g. lichen planus). Basal Cell Papilloma is the commonest benign skin lesion. They tend to asymptomatic but may occasionally itch. Lesions are usually pigmented and are more common in older people. Melanocytic naevi may be found anywhere on the skin including the genitals. Genital warts are the commonest diagnosed viral infection in the United Kingdom and many other countries in the world. Infections are due to the human papilloma virus (HPV) of which over 70 subtypes have been identified. HPV is spread by direct inoculation into the skin through microabrasions. There is then a latency period of months to years before clinical lesions become apparent. Genital warts appear as painless epidermal lesions. They may be plane (flat), filiform (fingerlike), papillomatous (small lumps), verrucous (warty) or pigmented.
The Human Cancer Situation
Samuel C. Morris in Cancer Risk Assessment, 2020
Cancer is a disease characterized by cells which proliferate without control, invading neighboring tissue and metastasizing, or spreading groups of cancerous cells through the circulatory or lymph systems to establish new "invasions"in remote tissues throughout the body. The most broadly held theory is that most, if not all, cancers begin with genetic damage in a single cell. The immune system provides continual surveillance of foreign agents into the body, and appears to recognize the uncontrolled cell proliferation of cancer as a foreign invasion. Cancer develops through a series of stages, generally classed as initiation, promotion, and progression. The role of carcinogens is not clear, but initiation-promotion experiments on mouse skin indicate distinct differences among chemicals in their ability to promote the appearence of benign papillomas and the ability to produce cancers. The multistage theory of cancer has been demonstrated in animal experiments and is consistent with epidemiological evidence.
Prevention, Screening, and Treatment of Sexually Transmitted Infections
James M. Rippe in Lifestyle Medicine, 2019
Besides pre-exposure immunization, condoms used with a water-based lubricant are the most effective form of sexually transmitted infection prevention. Dual method use, or the use of condoms along with long-acting reversible contraception, is highly recommended to effectively prevent both pregnancy and sexually transmitted infection. Since many sexually transmitted infections (STI) are asymptomatic, one of the most effective ways of educating younger people is to focus on the importance of screening. By removing the foreskin and eliminating a moist environment where infection can proliferate, male circumcision significantly reduces the risk of Human Papilloma Virus, HIV, and HSV transmission. Anyone who has sexual contact is at risk for getting STIs, including men and women of all ages, ethnic backgrounds, regions, and economic levels. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease is an acute infection of the upper genital tract in women and can have adverse reproductive sequelae, including infertility, chronic pelvic pain, scar tissue, and ectopic pregnancy.
Gallbladder Papilloma in a Child Unmasking Metachromatic Leukodystrophy: A Case Report With Review of Literature
Published in Fetal and Pediatric Pathology, 2019
Marwa Abdel Aziz, Mostafa Kotb, Yasmine Abdelmeguid, Sameh Shehata, Mona Abdel-Hadi
Background: Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) is a lipid storage disease characterized the accumulation of sulfatides in different viscera including the gallbladder. Case report: A 2-year-old girl had upper right quadrant lesion that was preoperatively thought to be a biliary cystadenoma. Histologically, the gallbladder lesion was a tubulo-villous papilloma with multiple foci of papillary mucosal hyperplasia. Many storage histiocytes containing metachromatic granules, characteristic of MLD, were present in the tips of the papillae. MLD was later confirmed by enzyme studies. Conclusion: Gallbladder papilloma can be the presenting feature of MLD.
Sinonasal (Schneiderian) papilloma of the lacrimal sac
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2019
Jeremy Purser, Rachel Arffa, David Clark
Sinonasal papillomas, also known as Schneiderian papillomas, are benign but infiltrative epithelial neoplasms that arise from ectodermally derived pseudostratified ciliated (or Schneiderian) epithelium that lines the sinonasal tract and nasal cavity. We describe a rare case of a sinonasal papilloma confined to the lacrimal duct and sac in a 45-year-old man who presented with 10 months of right-sided epiphora and swelling of his medial right lower eyelid. He was found to have a 10 × 10 mm area of distension near the right lacrimal sac and underwent an external dacryocystorhinostomy. A computed tomography scan revealed an expansile mass in the right nasolacrimal duct area. Right endoscopic sinus surgery and endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy were performed. This case illustrates the importance of including sinonasal papilloma, a benign but invasive neoplasm, in the differential diagnosis of nasolacrimal duct obstruction.
Different Types of Conjunctival Papilloma Presenting in the Same Eye
Published in Orbit, 2010
George Kalantzis, Dimitrios Papaconstantinou, Ilias Georgalas, Aida Tsitlidou, Gerasimos Georgopoulos
A 31-year-old Black man presented with two oval masses in his right conjunctiva. The tumors were completely excised and histology showed that the inferior lesion was a conjunctival squamous papilloma with pigmentation while the superior one was an inverted conjunctival papilloma, which grew in an endophytic manner. Follow up examination one year later showed no recurrence. Literature search revealed no previous report of simultaneous appearance of these types of papilloma in the same eye. Management of conjunctival squamous papillomas is difficult and is complicated by multiple recurrences in contrast to inverted conjunctival papillomas where no recurrences have been reported after complete excision. Thus, histopathology is an absolute necessity even when papillomas appear in the same eye.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Epithelium
- Wart
- Nipple
- Squamous Cell Neoplasms
- Squamous Epithelial Cells
- Benign
- Tumor