Ovarian Cancer
Dongyou Liu in Tumors and Cancers, 2017
The ovary is affected by a diversity of primary and secondary tumors. The ovaries are a pair of oval-shaped, unevenly surfaced, grayish organs located on either side of the uterus within the broad ligament below the uterine (fallopian) tubes. Due to the presence of a wide spectrum of cell types in the ovaries, ovarian cancer is notably diverse. Ovarian cancer is responsible for specific amount of all neoplasms among women globally, and ranks fifth in incidence and sixth in mortality among all women's neoplasms (after breast, colorectum, lung, pancreas, and stomach) in Europe. Symptoms of ovarian cancer may range from abnormal uterine bleeding, abdominal pain (due to torsion, rupture, or hemorrhage), and fever to isosexual precocity in children. Staging of ovarian cancer is based on the TNM (tumor, node, metastasis) or the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) system. Malignant ovarian germ cell tumors are generally treated with surgery and chemotherapy, but not radiotherapy.
Ovarian, Fallopian Tube, and Primary Peritoneal Cancer
Pat Price, Karol Sikora in Treatment of Cancer, 2020
The most significant risk factors for ovarian cancer are age and a family history of the disease. Epithelial ovarian carcinomas are classified into four main histological subtypes: serous, endometrioid, clear cell, and mucinous. Ninety-five percent of women with ovarian cancer experience symptoms before diagnosis. Ovarian cancer spreads via local shedding into the peritoneal cavity and local invasion of bowel and bladder. Epithelial malignancies arising from the fallopian tube, and the peritoneum in females, occur through similar etiological pathways and demonstrate similar clinical behavior; therefore, they are managed using the same treatment algorithm(s) as epithelial ovarian cancer. Factors precluding successful primary surgery include extensive upper abdominal disease, in particular that involving the porta hepatis or mesentery, and poor performance status secondary to symptoms associated with ovarian cancer and/or comorbidities. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors are a standard of care maintenance treatment in relapsed, platinum-sensitive high-grade serous or endometrioid ovarian cancer.
Detection of Nodule and Lung Segmentation Using Local Gabor XOR Pattern in CT Images
Sandeep Kumar, Shilpa Rani, K. Ramya Laxmi in Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in 2D/3D Medical Image Processing, 2020
In recent times, for detection of nodule and lung segmentation many computer aided diagnosis systems have been designed to assist the radiologist. The two main factors which affect the accuracy and effectiveness of the detection of lung cancer are nodules that have similar intensity and that they are connected to a vessel and nodule with typical weak edges. Lung sickness become special before sensational introduction consisting of cigarette deep; that it became not even regarded the as specific disorder until 1761. Cancer going from sensational alveolus, all sicknesses, results coming out of a singularity mod melodramatic remains’ common arm containing existence, startling cellphone. Smoking is the biggest reason of Lung cancer as well as skin cancer also and there could be a probability of ovarian cancer as well.
Cancer Risk Awareness and Concern among Women with a Family History of Breast or Ovarian Cancer
Published in Behavioral Medicine, 2016
M. Robyn Andersen, Jason Thorpe, Diana S. M. Buist, J. David Beatty, Kate Watabayashi, Nancy Hanson, Robert Resta, Jessica Chubak, Nicole Urban
Women with a documented deleterious mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2 are at substantially elevated risk for ovarian cancer. To understand what percentage of women with high-risk family histories know their risk is elevated we surveyed 1,885 women with a high- or moderate-risk family history and no personal history of breast or ovarian cancer, and asked about their perceived risk of breast and ovarian cancer. Among high-risk women, fewer than 20% reported use of genetic counseling, and knowledge of elevated risk of ovarian cancer was low. Prior genetic counseling was associated with greater perceived risk for ovarian cancer. Results suggest that most high-risk women (>75%) do not know their risk for ovarian cancer. Identification of potentially high-risk women for referral to genetic counseling may improve informed ovarian cancer risk management.
Thioredoxin 1 as a serum marker for ovarian cancer and its use in combination with CA125 for improving the sensitivity of ovarian cancer diagnoses
Published in Biomarkers, 2014
Byung-Joon Park, Mee-Kyung Cha, Il-Han Kim
The serum levels of Trx1 in patients with ovarian cancer were significantly higher than those in normal persons and patients with non-cancer inflammatory diseases. The level of Trx1 increased with the Figo stage. Ovarian cancer patients who were determined to be negative for CA125, were observed to have serum Trx1 levels as high as those of CA125-positive patients. In addition, patients with non-cancer inflammatory diseases had lower plasma Trx1 1 levels than did controls, showing that Trx1 allows clear distinctions between ovarian cancer and these non-cancer diseases. Combinational analysis of CA125 with Trx1 for the detection of ovarian cancer suggests that the diagnostic capacity of CA125 alone for the early detection of ovarian cancer, especially regarding sensitivity, is significantly improved by its combination with Trx1. Taken together, we conclude that serum Trx1 is useful for the early diagnosis of ovarian cancer.
Sphingosine 1-phosphate: A Potential Molecular Target for Ovarian Cancer Therapy?
Published in Cancer Investigation, 2014
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is an important signaling regulator involved in tumor progression in multiple neoplasms. However, the role of S1P in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer remains unclear. Herein, we summarize recent advances in understanding the impact of S1P signaling in ovarian cancer progression. S1P, aberrantly produced in ovarian cancer patients, is involved in the regulation of key cellular processes that contribute to ovarian cancer initiation and progression. Moreover, agents that block the S1P signaling pathway inhibit ovarian cancer cell growth or induce apoptosis. Hence, current evidence suggests that S1P may become a potential molecular target for ovarian cancer therapy.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Carcinoma
- Epithelium
- Female Genitalia
- Pregnancy
- Ovarian Carcinoma
- Ovarian Diseases
- Sertoli Cells