Paediatrics
Dave Maudgil, Anthony Watkinson in The Essential Guide to the New FRCR Part 2A and Radiology Boards, 2017
Are the following statements regarding scoliosis true or false? A left thoracic curvature is commoner in idiopathic scoliosis.The crankshaft phenomenon describes continued spinal deformity due to anterior growth, despite posterior fusion.May be caused by osteoid osteoma.The Risser staging system is useful in evaluation.Patients with Marfan’s syndrome are typically affected.
Cysts and Tumours of the Bony Facial Skeleton
John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Terry M Jones, Vinidh Paleri, Nicholas White, Tim Woolford in Head & Neck Surgery Plastic Surgery, 2018
Osteoma, a benign neoplasm of bone, is subclassified into ‘compact’ (cortical) and ‘cancellous’.34 They can be situated on the surface of the bone and present as hard swellings (exostosis) or alternatively, can exist purely within the substance of the bone (enostosis, dense bone island) and in the latter location would likely be an incidental radiological finding. Some probably represent developmental anomalies or reactive hyperplasias rather than true neoplasms, common examples being mandibular tori (bilateral exostoses on the lingual aspect of the mandible in the premolar region) and palatine torus (a mushroom-like swelling in the midline of the palate). The most common site for a true osteoma is in the paranasal sinuses. Generally, tori present in childhood and grow slowly, and can be removed for cosmetic reasons or before fitting a denture. Multiple osteomas may be the presenting features of Gardner syndrome (Figure 25.14),41 often leading to the diagnosis (and management by prophylactic colectomy) before adenocarcinomatous transformation of the familial colonic polyps.
Tumours of the Temporal Bone
John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Christopher P Aldren, Doris-Eva Bamiou, Raymond W Clarke, Richard M Irving, Haytham Kubba, Shakeel R Saeed in Paediatrics, The Ear, Skull Base, 2018
These are benign tumours consisting of mature lamellar bone. While well documented in the external auditory canal, they are otherwise very rare in the temporal bone. The most common site of origin appears to be the mastoid with about 20% developing in the middle ear. In half of these, the osteoma causes a conductive hearing loss and the condition is often discovered coincidentally. While easy to remove from the mastoid, an expectant approach is probably more advisable, particularly in the asymptomatic patient with middle ear disease where removal of the osteoma might compromise structures such as the ossicular chain or the VIIth nerve.33–35
Osteoid osteoma mimicking refractory juvenile arthritis in a pediatric patient
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology, 2022
CA Baert, J Shoelinck, C Galant, C Boulanger
Histology of the resected lesion by open surgery revealed an osteoid osteoma. After the surgery, the pain quickly resolved and the persistent joint limitation was treated by intensive physiotherapy to recover normal joint mobility, with good evolution. Osteoid osteoma is a benign bone tumour, affecting patients between 10 and 20 years of age, the majority of whom are male (1–4). Different localizations are possible and were described by Kayser et al in 1998, the most frequent localization being intracortical (about 75% of lesions) (4). These so-called ‘classical’ lesions generally involve the diaphysis or metaphysis of the long tubular bones (the tibia and femur being the most frequent) and consist of a radiotransparent ‘nest’ located in the centre of a fusiform cortical thickening (1).
Bone tumors effective therapy through functionalized hydrogels: current developments and future expectations
Published in Drug Delivery, 2022
Ruyi Shao, Yeben Wang, Laifeng Li, Yongqiang Dong, Jiayi Zhao, Wenqing Liang
Bone cancer is a type of tumor that develops in the bone and kills normal bone tissues. It might be benign or cancerous. The tumor grows and compresses the normal bone tissues in both cases, however benign tumors lack the ability to metastasize and therefore do not spread to other organs of the body. Benign bone tumors can progress to malignancy and pose a risk if remain untreated. Benign bone tumors include osteochondroma, osteoma, osteoblastoma, fibrous dysplasia, and enchondroma (Hakim et al., 2015). According to the World Health Organization (WHO), bone cancers are classified as primary or secondary tumors (Sisu et al., 2012) and categorized over 45 distinct forms of bone tumors in 2002 based on their findings. Among the many kinds of bone tumors, Osteosarcoma is the most common and major type of bone tumor, accounting for 31.5% of all cases, followed by angiosarcoma (1.4%), malignant fibrous histitocytoma (5.7%), chondroma (8.4%), Ewing’s sarcoma (16%), and chondrosarcoma (25.8%) (Sisu et al., 2012; Jemal et al., 2005). Secondary bone tumors are usually malignant and develop as a result of soft tissue metastasizing tumors in the breast, liver, or lung. As per the American Cancer Society, the number of joint and bone cancer diagnoses and deaths rises each year (Miller et al., 2019).
Types of orbital osteoma – A descriptive analysis
Published in Orbit, 2018
Tayyab Afghani, Hassan Mansoor
Osteoma is a slow-growing tumour that is benign in nature and primarily occurs in the cavities and bones of the middle third of the face. Osteoma of the paranasal sinuses is discovered only as a coincidental radiological finding and is generally asymptomatic. Primary intra-orbital involvement of osteomas is extremely rare,9 evident from the record review of patients presenting at our institution with orbital osteoma who were diagnosed based on clinical as well as radiological findings and confirmed by histopathology over a period of 13 years and showing a prevalence of 2.3% only.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Bone
- Skull
- Benign Tumor
- Neoplasm
- Paranasal Sinuses
- Gardner'S Syndrome
- Exophthalmos
- Osteoma Cutis
- Osteoid Osteoma
- Osteosclerosis