Image Edge Detection Using Fractional Conformable Derivatives in Liouville-Caputo Sense for Medical Image Processing
Devendra Kumar, Jagdev Singh in Fractional Calculus in Medical and Health Science, 2020
A meningioma is a tumour that arises from a layer of tissue (the meninges) that covers the brain and spine [54]. Although most meningiomas are encapsulated benign tumours with limited numbers of genetic aberrations, their intracranial location often leads to serious and potentially lethal consequences [55]. By using an MRI image, it is possible to determine the location of meningiomas; however, the detection and accurate diagnosis of meningiomas can be drastically improved with the use of the proposed operator due to its high capacity to detect edges and textures. The T1-weighed MRIs shown in Figures 1.10through 1.13 were taken from [56-59], respectively. In these figures, the boundaries of the meningiomas are correctly defined even in noisy images. By using the fractional conformable Gaussian edge, it is possible to make a better identification of the meningiomas achieving a more accurate diagnosis. On the other hand, with the boundaries of the meningiomas being well-defined, it is possible to obtain a better estimate of their size. In conclusion, the fractional conformable operator is able to identify much better the edges in MRI images for meningioma identification than classic operators such as Sobel, Prewitt, Roberts, LoG, and Canny.
Involvement of Dopamine with Various Cancers
Nira Ben-Jonathan in Dopamine, 2020
Meningiomas, also known as meningeal tumors, are typically slow-growing tumors that form from the meninges or the membranous layers surrounding the brain and spinal cord. They account for about 35% of all intracranial neoplasms, with an annual incidence of ~7.22 cases per 100,000 individuals. The peak incidence is between the sixth and seventh decades of life, afflicting females more often than males [103]. About 90%–95% of meningiomas are benign in nature, 5%–7% are atypical, and only 2% are malignant. These tumors have a high recurrence rate, reaching up to 50% after incomplete surgical resection. Symptoms depend on the location and usually result from the tumor pressing on nearby tissue. Many cases never produce symptoms. Occasionally seizures, dementia, trouble talking, vision problems, one-sided weakness, or loss of bladder control may occur. Human meningioma cells express high affinity D1R, and DA agonists have antiproliferative effects on tumors in culture [104]. A recent study used 157 specimens of meningioma and found the presence of D2R in over 90% of the samples, including those with a higher histological malignancy [103]. The authors concluded that this finding warrants further investigation of the therapeutic potential of dopaminergic agents to treat these tumors.
Meningioma and the brain
Alex Jelly, Adel Helmy, Barbara A. Wilson in Life After a Rare Brain Tumour and Supplementary Motor Area Syndrome, 2019
Meningiomas account for about one-third of all tumours in the skull. Meningiomas are not strictly tumours of the brain, as they arise from the lining of the brain and spine – the meninges. A specific type of cell in the lining of the brain, called the arachnoid cap cell, forms these tumours when it grows uncontrollably. Meningiomas of the head are more common in women than men (2:1) and are commonest in late middle age, although they can occur at any age and in either sex. Meningiomas are sometimes described as “benign” tumours, however the word benign is not a good description. Meningiomas are rarely malignant or cancerous in the sense that they can spread outside the brain to other organs, such as the lung or liver. Nevertheless, they can cause severe neurological problems and can be a risk to a person’s life. Similarly, for some types of meningioma, the treatment required is anything but benign.
NF2 mutation associated with accelerated time to recurrence for older patients with atypical meningiomas
Published in British Journal of Neurosurgery, 2023
Jonathan T. Dullea, Danielle Chaluts, Vikram Vasan, John W. Rutland, Corey M. Gill, Ethan Ellis, Yayoi Kinoshita, Russell B. McBride, Joshua Bederson, Michael Donovan, Robert Sebra, Melissa Umphlett, Raj K. Shrivastava
Meningiomas are generally diagnosed in older patients with a median age at diagnosis of 66 years.1 The incidence rates increase from 5.8/100,000 for adults 35–44 years old to 55.2/100,000 for individuals 85+ years of age.1 Not only are meningiomas more common in older adults, but the curative interventions harbour more risk at an advanced age. For most patients with meningiomas, surgical resection is the mainstay of treatment. A recent study examining the outcomes of older patients undergoing a craniotomy for meningioma resection found a 137% increase in the odds of any complication and a 1470% increase in the odds of death for patients older than 80.10 Given the increased risk of intervention, identifying high-risk tumours with an elevated probability of recurrence could help guide more aggressive post-surgical adjuvant radiotherapy. Additionally, if a tumour is determined to be at elevated risk for recurrence, one could undergo a more aggressive surveillance protocol to detect early recurrences. Detection of disease resurgence early may allow for less aggressive, and potentially less dangerous, surgeries. Both interventions could reduce morbidity and mortality associated with major surgery for a meningioma recurrence in older adults.
Overview and recent advances in incidental meningioma
Published in Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy, 2023
Olivia Näslund, Per Sveino Strand, Thomas Skoglund, Ole Solheim, Asgeir S. Jakola
Assumed to arise from the arachnoid cap cells in the soft coverings of the brain, meningioma is the most frequent primary intracranial tumor. The distribution of meningioma exhibits an anterior to posterior gradient in the brain [1]. The WHO classification of tumors of the central nervous system describes three grades of meningiomas, with approximate distribution by grade as follows: WHO grade 1, 80%; WHO grade 2, 18%; and WHO grade 3, 2% [2]. Most arise sporadically, although some are familial or arise after radiotherapy [3]. For symptomatic meningiomas, there is no pathognomonic clinical presentation and symptoms generally depend on tumor location [4]. Meningiomas presenting with symptoms such as focal neurological deficits and seizures have clear management guidelines, with surgery as fist-line treatment [5].
Relative survival after meningioma surgery. A French nationwide population-based cohort study
Published in British Journal of Neurosurgery, 2022
Charles Champeaux-Depond, Panayotis Constantinou, Philippe Tuppin, Matthieu Resche-Rigon, Joconde Weller
We performed a cross-sectional nationwide descriptive observational and, analytic retrospective study using the Système National des Données de Santé (SNDS), the national French medico-administrative database. Incidental meningiomas never operated were not considered in this study; only surgically treated tumours were taken into account. We used an algorithm combining two variables to get appropriate cases: the type of surgical procedure performed identified by the French Common Classification of Medical Acts (CCAM) and, the primary diagnosis according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) as described previously.2,4,10,11 The 40 CCAM codes describing intracranial extracerebral tumour resection were categorised into eight anatomical locations according to their dural base insertion. Benign meningiomas were considered as corresponding to the D32 ICD-10 codes, atypical to D42 and, malignant to C70. We defined the first recorded date of meningioma surgery as the index date. Patients below 18 years were excluded (n = 118). Progression was defined as any new treatment for meningioma recurrence e.g. redo surgery, RT or stereotactic radiosurgery. The Mortality-Related Morbidity Index (MRMI) predictive of all-cause mortality were used to assess the global health-state severity.12
Related Knowledge Centers
- Arachnoid Mater
- Central Nervous System
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- Meninges
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- Dementia
- Seizure
- Radiation Therapy
- Neurofibromatosis Type II
- Cell