Collision Tumors and Exceptions to Rules
Ashfaq A Marghoob, Ralph Braun, Natalia Jaimes in Atlas of Dermoscopy, 2022
Collision tumors can display a combination of features or sometimes, reveal a lack of specific criteria for rendering a diagnosis. The different entities comprising collision tumors can often be correctly identified via dermoscopy; however, a focus of a malignancy arising in association with a benign lesion such as a seborrheic keratosis may be overlooked due to anchoring bias and search satisfaction. On the other hand, malignancies mimicking benign lesions may lead to delays in diagnosis. Benign lesions mimicking malignancy will be included in the differential diagnosis of melanoma and other pigmented tumors (melanocytic or nonmelanocytic). During routine examination, dermatologists must have in mind that collision tumors are frequent and can be diagnosed easily if suspected. Collision tumors are frequently found on sun-damaged skin, SK almost always being involved. Rarely, melanomas (primary or metastatic) can clinically and dermoscopically resemble vascular lesions, such as hemangiomas and angiokeratomas.
- Head and Neck Malignancy: An Overview
Peter Evans, Paul Q. Montgomery, Patrick J. Gullane in Principles and Practice of Head and Neck Surgery and Oncology, 2009
INTRODUCTION On a worldwide scale head and neck malignancy represents the 5th most common cancer. However, it is not a single entity but encompasses a wide range of malignant tumors arising from many diverse and complex structures in this region of the body. The sites of origin are the upper aerodigestive tract (UADT), salivary, thyroid, and parathyroid glands and paranasal sinuses. The locally destructive effects of these tumors, or their treatment, can have a devastating effect on the lives of patients by affecting their outward appearance; the four senses of sight, smell, taste, and hearing; and the vital functions of breathing, swallowing, and talking. The complexity of the anatomical structures and functions affected present a difficult challenge to health services and require a wide variety of medical and allied specialities to ablate disease and restore function.
Radiotherapy
David Morris in Cancer, 1998
INTRODUCTION Radiotherapy (radiation oncology) refers to the clinical specialty of medicine in which ionizing radiation, either alone or combined with other modalities, is used to treat cancer. The radiation oncologist is a highly specialized clinician whose training spans the entire spectrum of malignant disease and who requires an in-depth knowledge of the biologic and physical basis of radiation therapy as well as a fundamental knowledge of the natural history of human malignancy. On rare occasions radiotherapy is used to treat benign conditions, e.g. pituitary adenomas, pterygium, or to prevent hypertrophic bone formation following hip replacement. Radiotherapy is the most important non-surgical therapy and is used to treat approximately one-half of all common cancers; it may be used with either curative or palliative intent.
Serum and salivary levels of albumin as diagnostic tools for oral pre-malignancy and oral malignancy
Published in Biotechnic & Histochemistry, 2014
The role of oxygen free radicals in the initiation, promotion and progression of carcinogenesis and the protective role of antioxidants has been a subject of much speculation. There are few studies that report evaluation of serum albumin and only one study in which salivary albumin was found and only one study that reports of salivary albumin in oral Leukoplakia and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC). We evaluated serum and salivary albumin levels in normal individuals, patients with oral pre-malignancy and patients with oral malignancy, and we compared serum and salivary albumin levels in patients with oral pre-malignancy and oral malignancy. Our study comprised 45 subjects separated into three groups of 15: normal healthy, oral pre-malignancy and oral malignancy patients. Venous blood was drawn and unstimulated saliva was collected early in the morning. Albumin levels were estimated using the bromocresol green method. Serum albumin levels decreased in oral pre-malignancy and oral malignancy cases compared to healthy individuals. Salivary albumin levels increased in oral pre-malignancy and oral malignancy cases compared to healthy individuals. Our results suggest that albumin may play a role in early diagnosis and prognosis of oral pre-malignant and oral malignant tissues.
Polyarteritis Nodosa: an unusual case of paraneoplastic process in renal cell carcinoma
Published in Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives, 2020
Umair Ahmed, Tulika Chatterjee, Manasa Kandula
ABSTRACT Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN) is a small and medium vessel necrotizing vasculitis that can affect any system in the human body. Rarely, PAN can be the primary manifestation of an underlying malignancy. The association between malignancy and vasculitis is an ongoing topic of research. Our patient’s presentation suggests malignancy may be a trigger for acute onset vasculitis and therefore once a malignancy is identified, therapy should be targeted towards treating the malignancy rather than the vasculitis alone.
Veterans with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma (CLL/SLL) have a Markedly Increased Rate of Second Malignancy, which is the Most Common Cause of Death
Published in Leukemia & Lymphoma, 2004
Mouhammed J Kyasa, Linda Hazlett, Rudolph S Parrish, Steven A Schichman, Clive S Zent
Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL) have an increased incidence of high-grade lymphoid malignancy. The risk of non-lymphoid second malignancy in this population is not well-defined to date. To test the hypothesis that patients with CLL/SLL have an increased risk of second malignancy, we studied the rate of second malignancy in 132 CLL/SLL patients and compared it to the rate of malignancy (excluding non-melanomatous skin cancer) in the Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System population of approximately 38,000 veterans over a period of 11.5 years. The rate of second malignancy, diagnosed concomitantly or after CLL/SLL, and the age-adjusted rate of malignancy calculated from tumor registry reports and demographic data, were used to calculate a Standardized Morbidity Ratio (SMR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Twenty-one (16%) of the CLL/SLL patients had second malignancies (19 non-lymphoid, 1 Richter's transformation and 1 Hodgkin's disease), which were fatal in 15 (71%) patients. The SMR for the CLL/SLL population was 2.97 (95% CI 1.84 – 4.55) for second malignancy and 2.69 (95% CI 1.62 – 4.21) for non-lymphoid second malignancy. This study of a well-defined CLL/SLL population shows a significantly increased risk of second malignancy, which was the primary cause of death for 9% of all CLL/SLL patients (34% of all patient deaths).