Human Papillomavirus and Cervical Cancer
Rachna Jain, Arun Solanki, Fadi Al-Turjman in Cancer Prediction for Industrial IoT 4.0: A Machine Learning Perspective, 2021
Human papillomavirus (HPV) represents the DNA virus class that acts as a causative agent of viral infection, specifically in sexually transmitted infections in humans throughout the world. The one recognized cancerous virus is HPV, causing infection through sexual transmission, and its highly causative risk DNA presence is found in around 99.9% of cervical cancer patients; 90% infection of HPV is usually inactive due to continuous exposure of 12-24 months. In addition, conditions worsen in high-risk HPV viruses, which enhance the progression rate of cervical cancer. The most impactful factor that displays a decisive role in cervical cancer formation is the continuous exposure of two HPV severe strains hrHPV that cause infection at an uncontrollable level. HPV testing incorporation into disease screening strategies makes the task easier to reduce the mortality risk associated with cervical cancer. Governments should be the part of implementation and HPV vaccination programs.
Human papillomavirus
Shiv Shanker Pareek in The Pictorial Atlas of Common Genito-Urinary Medicine, 2018
The human papillomavirus is a virus with many different strains, some of which are sexually transmitted and cause either genital warts or dysplasia. Genital warts are small benign growths on the skin in the genital area which, although unsightly, are not a serious medical problem. Dysplasia is abnormal cells of the cervix in females, which may be a precursor to cervical cancer. Genital warts are caused by low-risk herpes simplex virus (HPV) types, the majority being due to HPV-6 and HPV-11, with the remainder being caused by HPV-42, HPV-43 and HPV-44. Genital warts are benign tumours but will continue to grow if not treated and are highly contagious. Genital warts usually appear one to six months after exposure, but it may be up to several years. In some cases individuals may be carriers of HPV and never develop genital warts.
Prevention, Screening, and Treatment of Sexually Transmitted Infections
James M. Rippe in Lifestyle Medicine, 2019
Besides pre-exposure immunization, condoms used with a water-based lubricant are the most effective form of sexually transmitted infection prevention. Dual method use, or the use of condoms along with long-acting reversible contraception, is highly recommended to effectively prevent both pregnancy and sexually transmitted infection. Since many sexually transmitted infections (STI) are asymptomatic, one of the most effective ways of educating younger people is to focus on the importance of screening. By removing the foreskin and eliminating a moist environment where infection can proliferate, male circumcision significantly reduces the risk of Human Papilloma Virus, HIV, and HSV transmission. Anyone who has sexual contact is at risk for getting STIs, including men and women of all ages, ethnic backgrounds, regions, and economic levels. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease is an acute infection of the upper genital tract in women and can have adverse reproductive sequelae, including infertility, chronic pelvic pain, scar tissue, and ectopic pregnancy.
Singaporean Women's Knowledge of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and Attitudes Toward HPV Vaccination
Published in Women & Health, 2009
Marian Pitts, Anthony Smith, Samantha Croy, Anthony Lyons, Richard Ryall, Suzanne Garland, Mee Wong, Eng Tay
With a vaccination program currently planned to protect Singaporean women from human papillomavirus, a need arises for assessing Singaporean women's knowledge of human papillomavirus and attitudes toward human papillomavirus vaccination to identify barriers to a successful program and to help inform health education campaigns. A representative sample of 2,145 women aged between 18 and 49 years were randomly selected from households throughout Singapore and interviewed with a similar questionnaire to that used in a recent study of Australian women. Although Singaporean women's knowledge of human papillomavirus was poor, with only 20% having heard of it, attitudes toward human papillomavirus vaccination were generally positive. The most trusted sources of information about human papillomavirus and vaccination were gynecologists and general practitioners. Based on our findings, an urgent need exists in Singapore for accurate and accessible information about human papillomavirus and the benefits of vaccination.
The potential of plants for the production and delivery of human papillomavirus vaccines
Published in Expert Review of Vaccines, 2015
Sergio Rosales-Mendoza, Dania O Govea-Alonso
The available vaccines against human papillomavirus have some limitations such as low coverage due to their high cost, reduced immune coverage and the lack of therapeutic effects. Recombinant vaccines produced in plants (genetically engineered using stable or transient expression systems) offer the possibility to obtain low cost, efficacious and easy to administer vaccines. The status on the development of plant-based vaccines against human papillomavirus is analyzed and placed in perspective in this review. Some candidates have been characterized at a preclinical level with interesting outcomes. However, there is a need to perform the immunological characterization of several vaccine prototypes, especially through the oral administration route, as well as develop new candidates based on new chimeric designs intended to provide broader immunoprotection and therapeutic activity.
A physician's reflection on the moral use of human papilloma virus vaccine
Published in The Linacre Quarterly, 2016
Controversies often surround the use of vaccines, particularly among the pediatric population. Often, the possible temporal relationship between vaccination and subsequent disease is at the center of the controversy. However, others have questioned the moral status of the human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine because of some instances of state coercion and also the possibility that the vaccine may promote promiscuity. This article addresses the moral status of the HPV vaccine from the perspective of a primary care physician and father of four daughters. Lay Summary: Parents are often asked by pediatricians for permission to vaccinate their children under the age of consent against the sexually transmitted virus HPV. This article addresses the medical and moral concerns about vaccination with some guiding principles to assist in a final decision.
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