Dietary Isoflavones-Mechanism and Efficacy in Cancer Prevention and Treatment
Sheeba Varghese Gupta, Yashwant V. Pathak in Advances in Nutraceutical Applications in Cancer, 2019
Gastrointestinal cancer is referred to as a malignant disease of GIT and related organs, which commonly includes stomach cancer, pancreatic cancer, colorectal cancer, esophageal neoplasm, ulcerating antralneoplasia, and so on [55]. Stomach cancer is the second major type of cancer affecting the people worldwide and a leading cause of cancer-related death [56,57]. While the colorectal cancer is considered as the third primary type of cancer in both women and men, a report by the American Chemical Society, “Cancer Facts and Figures 2012,” claims increasing incidences of pancreatic cancer, liver cancer, and esophageal adenocarcinoma. These data are supported by a recent report “Global Cancer Statistics 2018,” that in 2018, the incidences of colorectal cancer, stomach cancer, and liver cancer increase by 9.2%, 8.2%, and 8.2, respectively [58]. In this sequence, some of the food, nutrients, and dietary supplements drag the attention of scientists and researchers because of their ability to prevent the occurrence, delay the onset, and treat disease condition [59].
Development of palliative medicine in the United Kingdom and Ireland
Eduardo Bruera, Irene Higginson, Charles F von Gunten, Tatsuya Morita in Textbook of Palliative Medicine and Supportive Care, 2015
REFERENCES 1 Nelson KA. The cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome. Semin Oncol 2000;27:64.2 Baines MJ. Symptom control in advanced gastrointestinal cancer. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2000; 12:375-379.3 Ikeda M. Significant host and tumor-related factors for predicting prognosis in patients with esophageal carcinoma. Ann Surg 2003;238:197-202.4 Brown JM, Wouters BG. Apoptosis, p53, and tumor cell sensitivity to anticancer agents. Cancer Res 1999;59:1391-1399.
Palliative Gastrojejunostomy and the Impact on Nutrition in Cancer
Victor R. Preedy in Handbook of Nutrition and Diet in Palliative Care, 2019
Ultimately, cross-sectional imaging with computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging should be obtained to confirm the clinical diagnosis, and will allow for a more accurate determination of the presence of locally advanced or metastatic disease (Figure 20.2). Upper endoscopy will allow for direct intraluminal examination and determination of the presence of intrinsic versus extrinsic compression of the upper intestinal tract, as well as the exact location of obstruction. In addition, tissue biopsy for pathological evaluation and ultimately diagnosis can be performed. Clinical context will determine the need for additional testing. A history of prior surgical intervention for upper gastrointestinal cancer, the known presence of recurrent or metastatic disease or history of additional obstructive symptoms to suggest possibility of multilevel obstructive disease will necessitate additional diagnostic testing (Helton and Fisichella 2007).
Current status of probiotics for prevention and management of gastrointestinal cancers
Published in Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 2021
Abdul Arif Khan, Vijay Nema, Zakir Khan
Gastrointestinal cancer can involve the entire digestive tract and associated organs including esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon, rectum, gall bladder, liver, and pancreas [1]. Recent studies indicated that gastrointestinal tract cancers affecting the esophagus, liver as well as, gastric and colorectal sites are the most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide [2]. Worldwide data on new cancer cases during 2018 as reported by the American Institute of Cancer Research indicated that colorectal, stomach, liver, and esophageal cancer ranks among the top 10 cancers diagnosed globally. Over 1.8 million new cases of colorectal cancer were diagnosed during 2018 [3]. These cancers have multi-factorial etiology and microbial triggers play an important role in cancer progression in addition to external factors like diet, lifestyle and the environment. All of these factors interact to promote tumor progression and subsequent metastasis [4]. With the more advanced understanding and subsequent sub-classification of cancer more innovative research designs are required for gastrointestinal cancer including different types of cancers [5]. These studies can be supported through molecular pathological epidemiology-based approaches [6]. Several international guidelines are available for diagnosis and management of gastrointestinal cancer [7–9], still the global cancer burden is increasing and gastrointestinal cancer is playing a major part in this trend [10]. Therefore, it is of utmost importance that we must find alternate ways to manage gastrointestinal cancer.
Prediction models for acute kidney injury in patients with gastrointestinal cancers: a real-world study based on Bayesian networks
Published in Renal Failure, 2020
Yang Li, Xiaohong Chen, Ziyan Shen, Yimei Wang, Jiachang Hu, Yunlu Zhang, Jiarui Xu, Xiaoqiang Ding
AKI was diagnosed as a maximal increase in SCr by ≥0.3 mg/dL (26.5 μmol/L) within 48 h, or by ≥1.5 times baseline within the previous seven days [15]. Due to the inaccessibility of urine volume data, we dropped the urine volume changes to diagnose AKI. SCr measured on admission was considered as the baseline level. For patients who received multiple SCr tests during hospitalization, we used the highest value within seven days as the peak for AKI diagnosis. For patients who lacked baseline SCr but had regular follow-up visits in the past three months, we retrieved the mean value of outpatient SCr records as the baseline. The presence of hypertension and diabetes was determined by the diagnosis on admission and discharge records. Gastrointestinal cancer was categorized according to the international classification of diseases (ICD-10), which included esophagus cancer (C15), stomach cancer (C16), and intestine cancer (C17–21) [16]. Anti-tumor treatment in this study was grouped into surgery, chemotherapy, interventional therapy, and untreated/palliative care. The normal ranges of eGFR and SUA refer to ≥90 mL/min/1.73m2 and ≤359 μmol/L, respectively. Anemia is defined as a hemoglobin level <130 g/L in males and <120 g/L in females. Hypoalbuminemia refers to albumin <35 g/L. Hypo/hypernatremia was diagnosed if patients’ serum sodium level <137 mmol/L or >147 mmol/L. Similarly, hypo/hyperkalemia was defined when the potassium level was outside the normal ranges (3.5 ∼ 5.3 mmol/L).
Birthweight, genetic risk, and gastrointestinal cancer incidence: a prospective cohort study
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2023
Lu Long, Heng He, Qian Shen, Hongxia Peng, Xiaorui Zhou, Haoxue Wang, Shanshan Zhang, Shifan Qin, Zequn Lu, Ying Zhu, Jianbo Tian, Jiang Chang, Xiaoping Miao, Na Shen, Rong Zhong
Gastrointestinal cancer has represented over one-quarter of the global cancer incidence, with an estimated 5.5 million new cases worldwide in 2020 [1]. It includes mouth cancer, esophagus cancer, stomach cancer, liver cancer, biliary duct cancer, pancreatic cancer, and colorectal cancer. In recent years, colorectal, liver, and stomach cancers have been the second, third, and fourth leading causes of cancer deaths, just behind lung cancer [1,2]. Moreover, cancers of mouth, esophagus, biliary tract, and pancreas have also become a growing global concern due to increasing incidence and poor prognosis [3–7]. Generally, several factors including age, sex, family history, smoking, and alcohol intake have been reported to contribute to the development of gastrointestinal cancer [8]. However, more than 20% of liver cancers, more than 40% of colon and stomach cancers, more than 60% of gallbladder cancers, and more than 70% of pancreatic cancers could not be explained by these known risk factors [8]. In view of the high incidence and aggressive nature of gastrointestinal cancer, to identify the ‘high risk population’ as early as possible is crucial for strategies of cancer prevention.
Related Knowledge Centers
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