Ewing Sarcoma
Dongyou Liu in Tumors and Cancers, 2017
The bone is affected by a diverse range of tumors, including cartilage tumors, osteogenic tumors, fibrogenic tumors, fibrohistiocytic tumors, Ewing sarcoma or primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET), hematopoietic tumors, giant cell tumors, notochordal tumors, vascular tumors, smooth muscle tumors, lipogenic tumors, neural tumors, miscellaneous tumors, miscellaneous lesions, and joint lesions. Ewing sarcoma is thought to arise from cells of the neural crest, possibly mesenchymal stem cells in red bone marrow. Ewing sarcoma represents the third most common bone tumor (after osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma), the second most common bone tumor in children and adolescents, and the most lethal bone tumor. The standard care for patients suffering from Ewing sarcoma relies on systemic chemotherapy, together with surgery and/or radiotherapy for local tumor control. New therapeutic agents under investigation for Ewing sarcoma include topotecan, irinotecan, temozolomide, and insulin-like growth factor receptor antibodies (IGFR-1) such as ganitumab.
Tumours
Ashley W. Blom, David Warwick, Michael R. Whitehouse in Apley and Solomon’s System of Orthopaedics and Trauma, 2017
Tumours of bone and soft tissue are classified based on their principle cell type, and have been classified by the World Health Organization (WHO). Swelling and tenderness over the affected bone are the common findings but there will be limitation of joint movement if there has been irritation of the joint by the tumour, or the tumour has grown into the joint. The differential diagnosis of a bone abnormality depends on the age of the patient, the location of the lesion and the radiographic or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of the lesion. Biopsy remains the gold standard for obtaining a diagnosis in an abnormal lesion of bone. Multimodal neoadjuvant chemotherapy in Ewing's sarcoma produces a dramatic shrinkage of the tumour and reduction in symptoms. Lipomas are the common soft-tissue tumours occuring in middle to old age but sometimes in children and adolescents. Fibrous tumours represent a spectrum of disease from benign to high-grade neoplasms with similar microscopic appearances.
Neurogenic tumors
Eckart Haneke in Histopathology of the NailOnychopathology, 2017
There are many different tumors of the peripheral nerves that can be found in and around the nail organ. This chapter describes the types of the neurogenic tumors, including benign neurogenic tumors and malignant neurogenic and neuroendocrine tumors. It also describes the histopathology and differential diagnosis of some of the benign neurogenic tumors, including neuroma, rudimentary supernumerary finger, pacinian neuroma, neurofibroma, schwannoma, cellular neurothekeoma, nerve sheath myxoma, granular cell tumor and perineurioma. The chapter explains the histopathology and differential diagnosis of some of the malignant neurogenic and neuroendocrine tumors, including Merkel cell carcinoma, Ewing sarcoma, malignant schwannoma and malignant granular cell tumor. Granular cell tumor of the nail was observed as a verrucous periungual growth in the deep medial portion of the proximal nail fold of a big toe causing a longitudinal depression in the nail or as an enlargement of the middle toe overgrowing the nail.
Primary Cutaneous Ewing Sarcoma: Report of a Case
Published in Fetal and Pediatric Pathology, 2015
Veronica Yuste, Elena Sierra, David Ruano, Mar Llamas-Velasco, Esther Conde, Daniel Azorin
Primary cutaneous Ewing's sarcoma is a rare entity. Although the diagnosis may be very difficult, it can be confirmed through molecular biology. We present the case of a 13-years old male with a lesion in the sole of the right foot, characterized by a monomorphous proliferation of small, round and blue cells. The histology and molecular biology allowed us to perform the diagnosis of cutaneous Ewing's sarcoma. This neoplasm must be distinguished from other round cell tumors with cutaneous involvement. The prognosis and treatment of this rare disease will also be discussed.
Ewing sarcoma of the proximal phalanx: case report
Published in Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, 2014
Hiromasa Fujii, Kanya Honoki, Yasunori Kobata, Hiroshi Yajima, Akira Kido, Yoshinori Takakura
We report a case of primary Ewing sarcoma of the proximal phalanx of the right middle finger in an 18-year-old boy. He was treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, followed by ray amputation. To restore maximum function, the index ray was transferred to the base of the third metacarpal bone and fixed with a plate. The function of his right hand after the operation was excellent and the cosmetic appearance acceptable. There was no evidence of local recurrence or metastasis after 20 months follow up.
MULTIPLE CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITIES IN THE PLEURAL FLUID OF A PATIENT WITH RECURRENT EWING SARCOMA
Published in Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2009
Ozge Ozalp Yuregir, Feride Iffet Sahin, Zekai Avci, Zerrin Yilmaz, Bulent Celasun, Faik Sarialioglu
The authors report a 5.5-year-old male patient with a right paraspinal tumor, diagnosed as metastatic Ewing sarcoma. The pleural fluid along with the bone marrow was sent to the authors’ laboratory for karyotyping. Bone marrow cultures revealed a normal karyotype, whereas 48, XY, i(1)(q11), +10, t(11;22)(q24;q12) karyotype was found in the cells obtained from the pleural fluid cultures. Trisomy 1q is quite frequently observed in Ewing sarcoma patients, mostly as part of unbalanced translocations, along with the common t(11;22) translocation. This patient's findings were significant, as the complex karyotype in the pleural effusion cells was observed.