Risk Reduction and Screening for Women’s Cancers
James M. Rippe in Lifestyle Medicine, 2019
A recent meta-analysis examining coffee consumption and the risk of various cancers found a consistent association between coffee consumption and a reduced risk of endometrial cancer. In the aforementioned Italian case–control study, endometrial cancer risk in the group of women with the highest consumption was approximately half that of women with the lowest consumption.128 A Japanese study found a linear inverse relationship correlating coffee consumption with reduced risk, with increasing reduction in risk as the number of cups consumed per day increased. Additional Swedish and Japanese studies also found statistically significant associations between coffee consumption and reduced risk, with reports of a relative risk of 0.4 with a consumption of three or more cups of coffee per day.130 Another Japanese case–control study found an inverse, dose–response relationship between the consumption of green tea and the risk of endometrial cancer. In this study, endometrial cancer cases were specifically limited to the endometrioid subtype. The decreased risk of endometrial cancer was observed even when analysis was controlled for other factors such as obesity and menopausal status.131
Cervical and uterine cancers
Anju Sahdev, Sarah J. Vinnicombe in Husband & Reznek's Imaging in Oncology, 2020
Stage III endometrial cancer refers to growth beyond the uterus but confined to the true pelvis. In stage IIIA (Figure 20.22), the uterine serosa or the adnexa are involved. Imaging findings include disruption of the uterine myometrium including the uterine periphery and/or irregular contours. This stage also includes direct spread or metastases of the adnexa. The ovary may be enlarged or display inhomogeneous morphology and restricted DWI. In these patients, differentiation of ovarian metastases and primary ovarian cancer is challenging. In general, type II endometrial cancer is more prone to develop metastases. Synchronous endometrial and ovarian cancer is found in approximately 5% of all females with endometrial cancer and is more common in younger age (176,177). Oestrogen-producing tumours coexisting with endometrial cancer are thecomas and granulosa cell tumours.
Integrative hyperthermia treatments for different types of cancer
Clifford L. K. Pang, Kaiman Lee in Hyperthermia in Oncology, 2015
Surgery is the main treatment for endometrial cancer. Surgical procedures for early-stage patients are surgical–pathological staging, accurately determining the extent of disease and prognosis, resecting uterus with lesions and possible metastatic lesions, and determining the choice of postoperative adjuvant therapy. For stages I and II, radical surgery is focused. For stage III or IV, reduction of cancer should be tried as much as possible to create the conditions for postoperative chemoradiotherapy. A considerable number of early endometrial cancer patients can be cured through standard surgery. But for patients with high risk factors of recurrence through surgical–pathological staging, or for advanced patients, certain adjuvant therapies are required. Because endometrial cancer patients are often older and have more complications, such as hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and other cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, we need to assess body tolerance of specific patients in detail and give individualized treatment.
Comprehensive Assessment of ERα, PR, Ki67, P53 to Predict the Risk of Lymph Node Metastasis in Low-Risk Endometrial Cancer
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2023
Yuzhen Huang, Peng Jiang, Wei Kong, Yuan Tu, Ning Li, Jinyu Wang, Qian Zhou, Rui Yuan
Endometrial cancer is a common malignant cancer in women, especially for perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. The incidence of endometrial cancer is growing in both developed and underdeveloped regions. With changes in fertility concept and economic development, the incidence in East Asia and South Asia showed a rapid growth trend [1]. According to the recommendations of the international guidelines [2], low-risk patients (low- and medium-grade endometrial cancer, without deep muscle infiltration, which means infiltration depth was less than 1/2, or cervical stromal infiltration) usually did not undergo lymph node resection (including lymph node biopsy, pelvic lymph node dissection, and para-aortic lymph node dissection). However, lymph node metastasis had already occurred in some of these patients [3]. Biopsy of sentinel lymph node has been generally proven to be effectual [4, 5], but its low sensitivity may lead to missing out some patients with lymph node metastasis [3]. The occurrence of lymph node metastasis without proper treatment will result in increasing risk of recurrence and poor prognosis. However, patients who had undergone lymph node resection (including lymph node biopsy, pelvic and para-aortic lymph node ressection) would probably have lower limb lymphedema [6], urinary incontinence [7], and other complications after surgery. Accurately determining whether a patient needs lymph node resection will strongly influence the survival and life quality of patient with endometrial cancer after surgery.
Cost-effectiveness of pembrolizumab compared with chemotherapy in the US for women with previously treated deficient mismatch repair or high microsatellite instability unresectable or metastatic endometrial cancer
Published in Journal of Medical Economics, 2021
Elizabeth Thurgar, Mark Gouldson, Suzette Matthijsse, Mayur Amonkar, Patricia Marinello, Navneet Upadhyay, Chizoba Nwankwo, Raquel Aguiar-Ibáñez
Endometrial cancer forms in the tissue lining of the uterus, are generally adenocarcinomas and occur most frequently after menopause1,2. In the US, endometrial cancer is the most common cancer of the female reproductive organs and the sixth most common cause of cancer death among women. In 2020, an estimated 65,620 women will be diagnosed with endometrial cancer in the US and an estimated 12,590 women will die from the disease3. Metastatic endometrial cancer frequently involves the ovaries and other reproductive organs, and can often involve the lymphatic system, blood, lungs and other vital organs4. The probability of survival is particularly poor for women with metastatic endometrial cancer (mEC, endometrial cancer that has spread to other organs or tissues); in the US, the 5-year survival probability for early stage endometrial cancer is 95% compared with just 17% for mEC3.
The role of biomarkers in endometrial cancer and hyperplasia: a literature review
Published in Acta Oncologica, 2019
Suzanna Hutt, Anil Tailor, Patricia Ellis, Agnieszka Michael, Simon Butler-Manuel, Jayanta Chatterjee
The main presentation of endometrial cancer is abnormal bleeding; this is typically post-menopausal but may also be intermenstrual or heavy/prolonged periods. Of the women with endometrial cancer, 81–83% will be diagnosed at Stages I–II. Later stages are more common after 60 years of age [1]. Although many early diagnosed cancers are cured, the survival rates decline significantly from Stages I to IV. In Stage I, the five-year survival rate is 95%, falling to 14% for Stage IV [2]. Despite the tendency towards early diagnosis, 13–17% will develop a recurrence. This usually occurs in the first three years; approximately 60% of these are in those deemed as ‘low-risk’ and do not receive adjuvant treatment. Within these ‘low-risk’ recurrences, almost half will have a distant recurrence and a resultant poor prognosis [3].
Related Knowledge Centers
- Dysuria
- Epithelium
- Menstrual Cycle
- Pelvic Pain
- Endometrium
- Cancer
- Uterus
- Dyspareunia
- Cell
- Vaginal Bleeding