Nutritional Considerations in Urologic Surgery
Kevin R. Loughlin in Complications of Urologic Surgery and Practice, 2007
As with prostate cancer, nutrition also plays a role in the development of renal cancer. For both men and women, obesity is a risk factor for the development of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). In The Netherlands Cohort Study on diet and cancer (79), a high body mass index (BMI) as well as weight gain from age 20 was associated with increased risk of development of this cancer. Interestingly, those with a BMI between 27 and 30 kg/m2 had the greatest risk of RCC. Data from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (80) do not fully support the Netherlands Cohort Study data (79), with the increased risk for men only seen in those with a BMI ≥30 kg/m2 and for women, increased risk for RCC was seen starting with a BMI ≥25 kg/m2. It has also been shown that a high total energy intake also increases the risk of RCC. This is likely reflective of the energy intake required to promote obesity (81).
Cancer Prevention and Treatment
James M. Rippe in Manual of Lifestyle Medicine, 2021
Recommendations for lifestyle modifications for primary cancer prevention: A number of guidelines for physical activity and diet in cancer prevention are available, including those from the American Cancer Society, the American Institute for Cancer Research, the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, and the President’s Council on Physical Fitness and Sports. These guidelines are consistent in recommending the following guidelines for disrupting the obesity/cancer link: Achieve and maintain a lean weight across the lifespan.Avoid high-calorie foods and sugary drinks.Prioritize healthy-eating patterns rich in whole foods and plant-based elements.Increase physical activity.Maintain good sleep hygiene.Lose weight if you are overweight or obese.Follow cancer screening guidelines.
Meta-Analysis of Dose-Response Relationships
Christopher H. Schmid, Theo Stijnen, Ian R. White in Handbook of Meta-Analysis, 2020
We combine the dose-response relation between alcohol intake and colorectal cancer rate arising from eight prospective cohort studies including 489,979 women and men participating in the Pooling Project of Prospective Studies of Diet and Cancer (Cho et al., 2004). A total of 3646 cases and 2,511,424 person-years are included in the analysis (Orsini et al., 2012). Each study categorized alcohol intake into six intervals using the same cutpoints. So, an alternative to dose-response meta-analysis in this specific case could be a multivariate meta-analysis of the estimated contrasts between categories. In general, however, cutpoints are likely to vary across studies. Basic information about cases, person-years, incidence rate ratios, and their confidence intervals is summarized into 6 × 8 = 48 rows of data (I = 8, Ji = 6) (Table 18.4). Rate ratios were adjusted for age, energy intake (kcal/day), multivitamin use, family history of colorectal cancer, current smoking, past smoking, red meat intake, total milk intake, and dietary folate intake. The Hamling method was used to estimate the covariances of multivariable-adjusted rate ratios.
Ovarian Cancer: Lifestyle, Diet and Nutrition
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2021
Ahmed El-Sherif, Sherif El-Sherif, Anthony Henry Taylor, Thangesweran Ayakannu
Hypotheses for the effect of diet on cancer risk were derived from studies that examined the association between cancer rates in different populations and the dietary patterns of those study populations. Because diets in developed western countries are rich in animal products, sugar and fat (5) whilst diets in developing countries are characterized by the intake of starchy food, but have low intake of fat, sugar and animal products (12), then the western world diet was considered to a major contributory factor. In populations that migrate from one country to another, cancer rates often change and even can change within countries over time as dietary preferences change. For example, the rates of colorectal cancer among Japanese people who migrate to the USA have increased (13). This is not a cultural change, because westernization of Japanese diets in Japan has led to an increase in rates of colorectal cancer too (13). Consequently, these international variations in diet and cancer rates suggest that diet has a major impact for many common cancers and that many cancers may be partly preventable by having the most beneficial dietary habits.
Chili Consumption and Risk of Gastric Cancer: A Meta-Analysis
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2021
Yanbin Du, Yuan Lv, Wenting Zha, Xiuqin Hong, Qinghong Luo
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common digestive tractmalignanttumors, and it is also one of the tumors with a higher mortality in the world. GC is the fourth most frequently occurring malignancy after lung, breast, and colorectal cancer, and the second most common cause of death from cancer worldwide (5). It has been estimated that one million patients are newly diagnosed with GC worldwide each year, with 700,000 patients dying from this disease annually (6). Diet has been found to be an important factor in the development of gastric cancer. A report published in 2007 by the World Cancer Research Fund and the American Institute for Cancer Research on the relationship between diet and cancer suggested that the consumption of certain types of food may be directly associated with the development of this disease (7). So, what is the relationship between the Chili consumption and gastric cancer risk?
Diet Therapy for Cancer Prevention and Treatment Based on Traditional Persian Medicine
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2018
Several lines of evidence suggest that diet can influence health-related outcomes after a cancer diagnosis including nutrition-related biomarkers, body weight, biomarkers associated with progressive disease, treatment tolerance, frequency of hospital admissions, and overall survival (186,187). More importantly, recent evidence also strongly suggests that dietary compounds can modify normal epigenetic pattern as well as reversal of abnormal gene activation or silencing (188). The World Health Organization (WHO) reported that one-third of all cancer deaths are preventable and there is a close link between diet and cancer prevention. On this basis, and in light of vast number of epidemiological findings, attention has been devoted to dietary phytochemicals as effective factors in cancer prevention (189).
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