Canine and Feline Nasal and Paranasal Neoplasm: Morphology and Origin
Gerd Reznik, Sherman F. Stinson in Nasal Tumors in Animals and Man, 2017
These squamous cell neoplasms are characterized by intra- or extracellular keratin with or without intercellular bridges (Figure 10). Different grades of malignancy are seen in different neoplasms, but the majority of them are well-differentiated with various degrees of anaplasticity. The neoplastic cells are arranged in infiltrating columns or sheets of spindle or polygonal cells producing severe desmoplasia. The desmoplasia consists of fibrocollagenous tissue and becomes massive with rows of squamous cells in the deeper tissues, destroying the normal structures, including bone. The neoplastic cells have large vesiculated nuclei, one or more very prominent nucleoli, and ample eosinophilic cytoplasm in which intracellular keratin can be seen. Mitotic cells vary from 1 to 6/HPF.
Skin
Pritam S. Sahota, James A. Popp, Jerry F. Hardisty, Chirukandath Gopinath, Page R. Bouchard in Toxicologic Pathology, 2018
Basal cell carcinomas are malignant tumors arising from the epidermis or epidermal appendages. They consist of heterogeneous sheets or strands of closely packed cells that may exhibit palisading at the periphery. The extent of demarcation is quite variable, and there may be extensive local invasion but rarely metastasis. Neoplastic cells resemble basal cells of the epidermis or appendages in that they are small, with scant slightly basophilic cytoplasm and dark blue nuclei. Mitotic figures may be numerous. Basal cell carcinomas may present in a solid form with necrotic areas in the center (pseudocysts) or as a basosquamous form incorporating squamous cells. Desmoplasia may be evident in the surrounding mesenchymal tissue. Differential diagnoses include benign basal cell tumor, benign hair follicle tumor, and sebaceous cell carcinoma (Bruner et al. 2001; goRENI 2012; INHAND 2012). The Sonic Hedgehog signaling pathway has been implicated in the development of human basal cell carcinomas through activation of the Patched gene by mutations in Smoothened, which acts as a proto-oncogene (Xie et al. 1998). Basal cell carcinomas occur in transgenic mice overexpressing mutated smoothened transmembrane protein (Xie et al. 1998).
Noninvasive Methods for Detection of Organ
Marcos Rojkind in Connective Tissue in Health and Disease, 2017
Interaction with the extracellular matrix is necessary both for the spread of a primary malignancy and for the establishment of metastases. This interaction usually results in the degradation of the matrix, but in certain tumors a fibrotic response, known as desmoplasia, also follows. The pathogenesis of the desmoplastic response is not known in detail, but some malignant cells are known to stimulate matrix formation in normal connective tissue cells. There is also evidence for the ability of some tumor cells to produce components of a fibrotic matrix. The prognostic significance of the desmoplastic reaction is not known in general.
Integration of inflammation, fibrosis, and cancer induced by carbon nanotubes
Published in Nanotoxicology, 2019
Accumulating evidence supports a close relationship between fibrosis and cancers. It has long been established that certain tumors can arise where scars are formed, giving rise to the term scar carcinoma. Scar carcinoma is most prominent in patients with pneumoconiosis including asbestosis, silicosis, and coal worker’s lung disease (Davis and Cowie 1990; Doll 1955). In other examples, certain fibrotic diseases are associated with increased risks of certain cancers. For instance, patients suffering from cystic fibrosis have an odds ratio of 6.5 for developing digestive tract cancers compared with the general population in North America (Neglia et al. 1995). Nonetheless, a causal relationship between fibrosis and cancer has long been debated, in particular, with regard to whether desmoplasia, which denotes the growth of fibrous connective tissue characteristically associated with malignant neoplasms, precedes, accompanies, or succeeds tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis.
Diagnostic significance and utility of circulating redox biomarkers in patients with gastric cancer – preliminary study
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2023
Justyna Dorf, Konrad Zaręba, Anna Pryczynicz, Joanna Matowicka-Karna, Bogusław Kędra, Piotr Żukowski, Anna Zalewska, Mateusz Maciejczyk
This study included 50 patients with gastric cancer. A moderately differentiated grade (G2) of the tumour was diagnosed in 40% of patients, whereas a poorly differentiated grade was present in 60% of the patients. Most of the subjects (68%) had adenocarcinoma and 32% had mucinous adenocarcinoma (Figure 1). 10.0% of the patients had a pT1 stage of tumour, 30% had a pT2 stage, 34% had a pT3 stage, and 26% had a pT4 stage. The percentage of patients without lymph nodes (N0) and distant metastases (M0) was 24% and 66%, respectively. Small desmoplasia was present in 70% of the patients and diffuse in 30%. The detailed characteristics of the study groups are summarized in Table 1.
Tumor stromal desmoplasia and inflammatory response uniquely predict survival with and without stratification for HPV tumor infection in OPSCC patients
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2018
Hilde Haave, Sahil Gulati, Jorunn Brekke, Stein Lybak, Olav K. Vintermyr, Hans Jørgen Aarstad
In conclusion, five-year DSS prediction was shown by the rate of inflammation and rate of desmoplasia among both HPV(+) and HPV(−) patients, and fraction of mature cells among HPV(−) patients. The results were mostly independent of TNM stage, tobacco consumption history and age of the patient. A sum score of rate of inflammation and degree of desmoplasia is suggested to be used clinically. Both immune and fibrous tissue OPSCC infiltration should be more closely investigated in order to give more information about the relevant biology of these tumors.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Adhesion
- Benign Tumor
- Fibrosis
- Stroma
- Connective Tissue
- Neoplasm
- Cancer
- Scar
- Invasive Carcinoma of No Special Type
- Desmoplastic Small-Round-Cell Tumor