Overview of Traditional Methods of Diagnosis and Treatment for Women-Associated Cancers
Shazia Rashid, Ankur Saxena, Sabia Rashid in Latest Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment of Women-Associated Cancers, 2022
Chemotherapy is a drug treatment that destroys cancer cells and stops cancer cells from growing and dividing. A chemotherapy regimen consists of a specific number of cycles given over a set period. The chemotherapeutic drugs are usually given intravenously or orally (systemic chemotherapy) whereas in certain cases it is delivered to a specific area of the body (intra-arterial, intracavitary and intrathecal chemotherapy). The drugs used in chemotherapy are either used alone or in combination therapies for effective treatment of cancer [22–24]. Since chemotherapeutic drugs also target normal cells, side effects ranging from mild to severe can result depending on the drug dosage. Table 1.1lists the common chemotherapeutic drugs, their brand name along with the mode of action used for different women-associated cancers.
Chemoprotective and Immunomodulating Effects of Ferulic Acid on Cisplatin Chemotherapy in Dalton’s Lymphoma Xenografted Mice
Parimelazhagan Thangaraj in Phytomedicine, 2020
Scientific investigations into the treatment of cancer are increasingly anomalous with the aim of controlling the disease or increasing the life span of the affected individuals. Chemotherapy is a common treatment for cancer usually used when surgery or radiotherapy is not effective. The drugs used in chemotherapy are chemically designed to target cells which are dividing and growing rapidly. Besides targeting abnormally proliferating cancer cells, they also affect normal cells. Thus, chemotherapy is still a major challenge to the cancer patients because the highly potent drugs employed in therapy can be toxic and less than 1% of the injected drug molecules can reach their target cells, whereas the rest may damage healthy cells and tissue especially bone marrow, epithelial tissues, reticuloendothelial system, and gonads (Kathiriya et al. 2010). The adverse effect of this therapy is the suppression of the immune system (Devasagayam and Sainis 2002).
Principles of systemic treatment
Peter Hoskin, Peter Ostler in Clinical Oncology, 2020
Cancer chemotherapy agents act upon cell division, interfering with normal cell replication. They can be broadly classified as follows: Drugs acting on the structure of DNA AntimetabolitesAlkylating agentsIntercalating agentsTopoisomerase inhibitorsDrugs acting on mitosisSignal transduction inhibitorsDrugs inducing apoptosisDrugs targeting tumour vasculature AntiangiogenesisVascular disrupting agents (VDAs)
Synergistic co-delivery of doxorubicin and melittin using functionalized magnetic nanoparticles for cancer treatment: loading and in vitro release study by LC–MS/MS
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2018
Marjan Hematyar, Majid Soleimani, Ali Es-haghi, Ali Rezaei Mokarram
Cancer is a broad term for a group of diseases characterized by abnormal cells which have lost their apoptotic ability [1]. Chemotherapy is a popular cancer treatment in which drugs are used to inhibit the growth of cancer cells. However, it is now clearly known that in managing complex diseases such as cancer, the use of just a single chemotherapeutic agent might be accompanied by drawbacks such as drug resistance and serious side effects. Therefore, the combination of two or more anticancer agents, that function through different mechanisms with a synergistic effect, is a feasible way for overcoming these limitations [2,3]. The co-delivery of multiple agents via a single carrier system has been proposed in order to achieve optimal anticancer efficacy [4,5]. Recently, by integrating the extensive developments of nanotechnology and oncology in drug delivery, nanocarriers with the ability of simultaneously delivering conventional chemotherapy drugs with biological therapeutic agents like antibodies, proteins, peptides, genes or siRNAs, have attracted great attention [6,7].
Burden of illness of chemotherapy in castration-resistant prostate cancer patients in Japan: a retrospective database analysis
Published in Current Medical Research and Opinion, 2018
Joerg Mahlich, Akiko Tsubota, Keiichiro Imanaka, Kentaro Enjo
Patients who undergo chemotherapy experience a drastic impact on their health-related quality of life (HQOL). The underlying mechanism of chemotherapy is that the constituent drug molecules attack rapidly dividing cells, thereby efficiently eradicating cancer cells. However, several other types of cells present in the body divide rapidly as well, including the bone marrow cells (where new blood cells are created), the mucous membranes in the mouth and intestines as well as the hair follicles. As chemotherapy drug molecules do not differentiate these two types of rapidly dividing cells and cancerous cells the body’s healthy cells are also potential targets and often destroyed during chemotherapy as well. Therefore, patients experience side effects including hair loss, mouth ulcers, loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, increased risk of infections (due to a decreased white blood cell count), easy bruising or bleeding (due to a lower platelet count), and fatigue (due to a decreased red blood cell count)10.
Monoclonal antibody as a targeting mediator for nanoparticle targeted delivery system for lung cancer
Published in Drug Delivery, 2022
Nasrul Wathoni, Lisa Efriani Puluhulawa, I Made Joni, Muchtaridi Muchtaridi, Ahmed Fouad Abdelwahab Mohammed, Khaled M. Elamin, Tiana Milanda, Dolih Gozali
The lungs are an important organ in the human body, particularly in the respiratory system. Damage to this organ can endanger lives and perhaps result in death. Lung cancer is a form of cancer that affects the human lungs (Bade & Dela Cruz, 2020). This malignancy is the second most common after breast cancer and has the greatest fatality rate of any type of cancer (International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), 2020). It is reported that this cancer has a mortality rate of 1,796,144 or 18% of the total number of cancer deaths and an incidence rate of 2,206,771 which is 11.4% of all cancer incidences worldwide both in women and men (Globocan, 2020). There are currently three options for cancer treatment: surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy (Abbas & Rehman, 2018). Stage I or II Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer ‘NSCLC’ treatment is surgical resection of the tumor followed by adjuvant therapy. When the cancer progresses to stage III or IV, the treatments are chemotherapeutic and/or radiation therapy. Since the cancer invaded surrounding tissues, metastases can occur through the circulatory system or lymphatic system (Huang et al., 2015). Chemotherapy is a form of cancer treatment that employs medications. As a result of the drug’s inability to target specific cells, this therapy is often associated with severe adverse effects (Ohnoshi et al., 1992; Partridge et al., 2001; Sun et al., 2005; Aslam et al., 2014). It has inspired the development of cancer medicines, one of which is the use of nanoparticles.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Alkylation
- Cancer Treatment
- DNA Damage
- DNA Repair
- Palliative Care
- Cancer
- Mitosis
- Chemotherapy Regimen
- Cure
- Pharmacotherapy