Cancer Immunology
John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Louise Jayne Clark, Adam J Donne, R James A England, Hisham M Mehanna, Gerald William McGarry, Sean Carrie in Basic Sciences Endocrine Surgery Rhinology, 2018
Major technical and conceptual advances in immunology and cancer immunology in particular over the last two decades has led to a better, although by no means as yet complete, understanding of the complex relationship between the immune system, tumour initiation and progression, and immunotherapy. Specifically much attention has focused on changes in individual immune profiles of patients treated with conventional, biological or combination therapies; such work is underpinned by high-throughput proteomic and genomic platforms. This has led to a huge amount of interest in using immune biomarkers to both diagnose and monitor tumour response to therapy, as well as acting as a potential therapeutic option alone or in combination with chemo- or radiotherapy.
Role of Nanoparticles in Cancer Immunotherapy
D. Sakthi Kumar, Aswathy Ravindran Girija in Bionanotechnology in Cancer, 2023
The cancer immunotherapy is the latest in this arsenal and is considered as the fourth pillar of cancer treatment, which relies on enhancing host’s immune system to fight back the cancer cells rather than targeting cancer cells in contrast to abovesaid approaches for cancer treatment. In the cancer immunology, research has been focused to study the ‘cancer cell- immune cell interaction’ and the factors that affect the tumor-specific T cells activation, expansion, and effector functions for effective treatment of the cancer.
Treatment of Cancer
Prakash Srinivasan Timiri Shanmugam in Understanding Cancer Therapies, 2018
The immune system will detect and destroy abnormal cells, thereby preventing the development of cancers. But in some cases, a cancer cell avoids detection and destruction by the immune system. In the field of cancer, immunology developed a new method called immunotherapy to treat cancer. Immunotherapy increases the strength of the immune system against a tumor either by stimulating specific components in the immune system or by suppressing the signals produced by the cancer cell which suppress the immune system.
Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy: From Defining Basic Immunology to Leading the Fight Against Cancer
Published in Immunological Investigations, 2022
Adam J. Adler
Given that the immune system principally evolved to neutralize infectious agents, and for decades standard of care cancer treatments included chemotherapy, radiation, surgery, and hormonal blockade, it was not clear until recently that the basic study of cancer immunology would ultimately advance clinical oncology. Further, basic discoveries in tumor biology spurred the development of promising new therapies designed to directly kill tumors via non-immunological mechanisms, such as inhibitors that target either oncogenic mutated tyrosine kinases (Druker et al. 2006; Flaherty et al. 2010) or factors that promote tumor angiogenesis (Abdollahi and Folkman 2010). It has thus been remarkable that immunotherapies have not only significantly advanced the clinical treatment of cancer, but also that “non-immunological” therapies such as radiation (Sharabi et al. 2015), chemotherapy (Apetoh et al. 2007), hormonal blockade (Adler 2007), and oncogenic kinase inhibition (Knight et al. 2013) work in part by promoting anti-tumor immunity.
Multimodal imaging and photothermal synergistic immunotherapy of retinoblastoma with tuftsin-loaded carbonized MOF nanoparticles
Published in Drug Delivery, 2022
Hongmi Zou, Meng Li, Xing Li, Wendi Zheng, Hongyu Kuang, Menglei Wang, Wenli Zhang, Haitao Ran, Huafeng Ma, Xiyuan Zhou
Nanoparticle-based photothermal therapy (PTT) is a novel cancer treatment method that uses photothermal nanomaterials to convert light energy into heat to kill cancer cells. Direct thermal ablation (more than 42 °C) has an antitumor effect, killing tumor cells by destroying the tumor cell membrane, destroying the cytoskeleton and inhibiting DNA synthesis. It is suitable for solid tumors (Hou et al., 2018). Over the past decade or so, advances in cancer immunology have forced scientists and clinicians to acknowledge the extent to which suppressing cancer cells alone is not enough to effectively treat cancer. Tumors and their microenvironment are complex aggregates of transformed cells, blood vessels, fibroblasts, and immune cells that produce cytokines, which enhance the growth of tumor cells and inhibit the activation of antitumor immunity. Immunotherapy is a treatment that works on the immune system by activating the immune system to alter the tumor microenvironment, thereby killing rapidly dividing tumor cells (Musetti & Huang, 2018). The work of Guo and Li et al. confirmed the effectiveness of photothermal combined immunotherapy for tumor suppression (Guo et al., 2019; Li et al., 2019).
Research progress in tumor targeted immunotherapy
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2021
Yuelin Fang, Aihua Yu, Lei Ye, Guangxi Zhai
A broad study of the biological function of various cells in TME will reduce the adverse effects and increase the targeted immunotherapy effect. It is worth noting the important role of different nano-carriers in tumor-targeted immunotherapy. The rationally designed nanomaterials can endow the sophisticated carriers excellent targeting and combined multiple therapies functions, overcoming its inherent limitations and leading to successful therapeutic effects. In the future, with the rapid development in cancer immunology and targeted drug delivery technology, the clinical transformation of tumor-targeted immunotherapy will receive ideal outcomes, especially the immune precision treatments for different patients, and ultimately make a breakthrough in the fight against cancer.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Cancer Immunotherapy
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