Neoplasms of the Abdomen and Gastrointestinal Tract
John F. Pohl, Christopher Jolley, Daniel Gelfond in Pediatric Gastroenterology, 2014
Burkitt lymphoma and Burkitt-like lymphoma account for 40% of lymphomas in children. In developed western countries, Burkitt lymphoma most frequently presents with abdominal disease. These lymphomas are a B-cell lineage variety of non-Hodgkin lymphoma which have a characteristic c-MYC rearrangement with a translocation of chromosome 8 and 14. Burkitt–like lymphoma is an aggressive, rapidly growing non-Hodgkin lymphoma that shares features with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and Burkitt lymphoma. It is treated like a Burkitt lymphoma. These tumors are the most rapidly growing neoplasms in children. The doubling time is 1 day, and as a result of this rapid growth, there is also a high rate of tumor cell death. Consequently metabolic derangements, such hyperuricemia and hyperphosphatemia, may occur before or during treatment and can cause secondary renal failure.
Involvement of Dopamine with Various Cancers
Nira Ben-Jonathan in Dopamine, 2020
Lymphomas are the most common blood cancer. Two main forms of lymphoma are recognized: Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), which differ in etiology and response to treatment [14]. In addition, two other subtypes of lymphoma are multiple myeloma and immunoproliferative diseases. A lymphoma occurs when lymphocytes multiply uncontrollably, acquire a malignant phenotype, and can travel to lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow, and other organs, where they localize and form tumors. Both B-cells and T-cells can develop into lymphomas. The primary presentation of lymphoma is swelling of the lymph nodes. Systemic symptoms include fever, night sweats, loss of appetite and weight loss, fatigue, respiratory distress and itching. The incidence of NHL is higher in males than in females and increases with age. Burkitt lymphoma is an aggressive subtype of B-cell NHL. It is particularly prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa, middle eastern countries, and in patients with HIV/AIDS. The endemic form of Burkitt lymphoma is linked to malaria and to infection with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a common virus that also causes glandular fever.
B
Anton Sebastian in A Dictionary of the History of Medicine, 2018
Burkitt, Denis Parsons (1911–1993) Pioneer of chemotherapy for cancer. He was born in Enniskillen, Northern Ireland. He first studied engineering at Dublin University and later switched to medicine and qualified as a doctor in 1935. He became a member of the Royal College of Surgeons in 1938 and proceeded to work in Somalia, Kenya, Sri Lanka and Uganda. He first noticed multiple tumors of the jaw in African children while he was working at the Mulago Hospital in Kampala. He traveled extensively in Africa in order to study the incidence and geographical distribution of the tumor before describing it in detail. He found it to be different from a sarcoma. He used methotrexate and cyclophosphamide for treatment in 1960. It was later named Burkitt lymphoma. See Burkitt lymphoma.
Adult Burkitt lymphoma- an Island between lymphomas and leukemias
Published in Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives, 2019
James Turro, Pratiksha Singh, Manbeer Singh Sarao, Satish Tadepalli, Pramil Cheriyath
Burkitt lymphoma is a rare, aggressive and rapidly fatal, B-cell Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL). The World Health Organization (WHO) defines it as a highly aggressive but curable lymphoma that often presents in extra-nodal sites or as acute leukemia” [1]. It was first described in 1958 by Dr. Dennis Parsons Burkitt in a 5-year old boy from Uganda who presented with swelling of both jaws. The symmetrical nature and progression of these swellings to other parts of the body piqued Dr. Burkitt’s curiosity. He described the disease as a tumor of lymphatic origin, which now bears his eponym. Currently, the disease is known to have an incidence of 0.4/100,000 age-adjusted to the USA standard population [2]. It has trimodal age-specific incidence peaks in males at ages 10, 40 and 75 years, and bimodal pediatric and geriatric peaks in females [3]. The cure rate decreases significantly with age, dramatically in patients > 60 years of age.
Low expression of Mda-7/IL-24 and high expression of C-myb in tumour tissues are predictors of poor prognosis for Burkitt lymphoma patients
Published in Hematology, 2018
Ming Ma, Riyang Zhao, Xingxiao Yang, Lianmei Zhao, Lihua Liu, Cong Zhang, Xuexiao Wang, Baoen Shan
Burkitt lymphoma is one of the most common subtypes of paediatric haematopoietic malignancy and accounts for approximately 40% of newly diagnosed non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma in children and adolescents [1]. Although high-dose combination chemotherapy is an effective strategy for the treatment of Burkitt lymphoma, a poor prognosis is inevitable for the patients due to recurrence, invasion of bone marrow tissue and development of chemotherapy resistance [2,3]. However, the exact mechanisms involved in occurrence and progression of Burkitt lymphoma remain unclear. Haemopoietic tumours, including Burkitt lymphoma, are characterized by a block in terminal differentiation. Therefore, acquiring more knowledge of the key molecules involved in affecting cell differentiation may provide new therapeutic targets for treatment of Burkitt lymphoma and further improve the survival rates of patients.
CAR-NK cells: a promising cellular immunotherapy in lymphoma
Published in Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 2023
Shaghayegh Khanmohammadi, Nima Rezaei
Monoclonal antibodies against CD20 (rituximab) are commonly used in patients with NHL, which is usually effective; however, drug resistance may affect its efficacy. To examine the effect of CD20-specific NK cells on NHL, Müller et al. generated CAR-NK cells with CD20-specific scFv antibody fragment and CD3ζ chain as the signaling domain from the NK-92 cell line (with retroviral vector). Their result showed that CD20-specific CAR-NK cells enhanced cytotoxicity towards NK-sensitive CD20-expressing cells. Additionally, the CAR-NK cells overcame the resistant lymphoma cells [77]. Chu et al. tested the efficacy of anti-CD20 CAR-NK cells in treating aggressive B-cell NHL from NSG mice in vitro and in vivo. Peripheral blood NK cells were engineered by mRNA nucleofection to target CD20+ B-NHL. Engineered CAR-NK cells had enhanced in vitro cytotoxicity towards both rituximab-resistant and rituximab-sensitive lymphoma cells. CAR-NK-treated NSG mice had prolonged survival and reduced tumor size in comparison with the control group [78]. In another study on Burkitt lymphoma by Chu et al., romidepsin (a histone deacetylase inhibitor) and CAR-NK cells showed synergic cytotoxic activities in vivo and in vitro. Romidepsin can increase the cytotoxicity of anti-CD20 CAR-modified expanded peripheral blood NK cells via NKG2D by inducing the expression of NKG2D ligands MICA/B in rituximab-sensitive and rituximab-resistant Burkitt lymphoma cells [9].
Related Knowledge Centers
- B Cell
- Germinal Center
- Immunophenotyping
- Morphology
- Lymphatic System
- Cancer
- Prognosis
- Surgeon
- Cure
- Immunodeficiency