Disease prevention and screening in public health
Ben Y.F. Fong, Martin C.S. Wong in The Routledge Handbook of Public Health and the Community, 2021
The incidence and mortality of breast cancer is the highest among females. In 2018, there were nearly 2.08 million new cases of breast cancer and 627,000 related deaths worldwide (Bray et al., 2018). Breast cancer screening includes risk assessment, mammography (MMG), breast self-examination (BSE) and clinical breast examination (CBE). The most widely used risk assessment tool is the Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Tool/Gail model, which takes into account the age, race, history of breast disease, age of menarche, number of births and related family history. The Se and Sp of it were 53.3% and 77.7%, respectively (Zhang et al., 2018). Mammography is the main method of screening for breast cancer. BSE and CBE, which are simple and easy to conduct, are also common screening methods. However, it is worth noting that there are also some harms in breast cancer screening, such as radiation, overdiagnosis, false positive results and unnecessary treatment.
Mammography and Interventional Breast Procedures
Raymond Taillefer, Iraj Khalkhali, Alan D. Waxman, Hans J. Biersack in Radionuclide Imaging of the Breast, 2021
In 1988, 12 medical organizations met to develop consensus recommendations for breast cancer screening. They agreed to the following breast screening guideline: (1) clinical breast examination and mammography are both essential for optimal screening; (2) mammography should be done at 1 - to 2-year intervals for women 40 to 49 years old; (3) annual mammography should be done for women aged 50 and over; (4) the conference could not reach a consensus on the role of breast self-examination in breast cancer screening [66], The National Cancer Institute and National Institute on Aging sponsored a forum on breast cancer screening in older women in 1990. The screening recommendations for older women derived from this Forum are summarized below: Women ages 65 to 74: clinical breast examination annually and mammography every 2 yearsWomen 75 and over in good general health with good life expectancy: clinical breast examination annually and mammography every 2 yearsAll women 65 and over: breast self-examination monthly [94]
Multiple choice questions (MCQs)
Tristan Barrett, Nadeem Shaida, Ashley Shaw, Adrian K. Dixon in Radiology for Undergraduate Finals and Foundation Years, 2018
Regarding breast ultrasound, which of the following statements is true? Can be used as an alternative to mammography for breast cancer screening.Is used to evaluate non-palpable lesions that have been detected at mammography.An anechoic lesion is cancer until proven otherwise.Is the most sensitive method for detecting rupture of silicone breast implants.US-guided biopsy is preferable over stereotactic biopsy if a lesion is visible on both mammography and US.
Malignant cell characterization via mathematical analysis of bio impedance and optical properties
Published in Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine, 2021
Shadeeb Hossain
The distinct optical properties of malignant and healthy cells are an active research interest for non-invasive procedure for early diagnosis (Artemov et al. 2003; Salomatina et al. 2006). The perceptible quantitative analysis of the properties of the varied cell type are crucial in the field of photo medicine. The 2018 report from the World Health Organization (WHO) recognized cancer as the second leading cause of death. Statistics from the American Cancer Society prognosticated in 2019 with 1.7 million new cases and 0.6 million resulting deaths in the United States alone. Breast cancer is considered as one of the preeminent forms of cancer in women and hence early diagnosis and onset of preliminary treatment can alleviate the mortality rate. Mammograms are a prevalent, low-dose X-ray tool used for early breast cancer screening (Jain and Friedman 1997; Narain et al. 2011). However, the imperfect nature of mammogram results requires additional repetitive test (Huynh et al. 1998). The invasive biopsy tool requires small incision to collect sample segment and perform laboratory analysis to corroborate. The large needle used for diagnosis in mammogram can account for bruising, soreness, and infection. The regular screening and incessant ‘false positive’ can have consequential psychological impact on the patient mental health including anxiety and disinclination to undergo future screening (Lerman et al. 1991; Pisano et al. 1998). Therefore, non-invasive imaging procedure avoids physical malaise and can abridge repetitive measurements of biopsies to produce a feasible and reliable diagnosis.
Impact of an education-centered medical home on quality at a student-volunteer free clinic
Published in Medical Education Online, 2018
Abigail E. Russi, Smitha Bhaumik, Jackson J. Herzog, Marianne Tschoe, Andrea C. Baumgartner
HIV screening: Documented result of HIV testing [15].Cervical cancer screening: Documented Pap smear within the past 3 years or a documented Pap smear with co-testing for high-risk human papillomavirus within the past 5 years [16].Colorectal cancer screening: Documented fecal occult blood immunoassay of a stool sample in the last year or colonoscopy in the previous 10 years [17].Breast cancer screening: Documented mammogram in the last 2 years [18].Hepatitis C screening: Documented result of hepatitis C antibody testing [19].
Women's information preferences, information needs and online interactive information portal engagement in a breast cancer early diagnosis context
Published in Journal of Communication in Healthcare, 2018
Martine Lewi, Patrick De Pelsmacker, Veroline Cauberghe
In order to answer the second research question, all the free text questions raised are collected during activity 3 ‘Raise a question’. A content analysis was conducted on all 1324 questions. Questions regarding different types of screening were categorized under the main topic category ‘breast cancer screening’ (mammography, self-screening and other screening types). Disease-related questions were categorized under the main topic category ‘breast cancer disease’ (diagnosis, symptoms, the disease process, prevention, risk and treatment). Questions related to disease coping were included in the category ‘socio-emotional’ (support from family and friends, resuming work, and emotional questions related to fear and anxiety and other emotional aspects of breast cancer).
Related Knowledge Centers
- Biopsy
- Brca Mutation
- Screening
- Ultrasound
- Breast Cancer
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Asymptomatic
- Breast Self-Examination
- Breast Mass
- Mammography