Chemical Permeation through Disposable Gloves
Robert N. Phalen, Howard I. Maibach in Protective Gloves for Occupational Use, 2023
Millions of workers are exposed to solvents.82 Solvents can have an irritant and degreasing effect on the skin, and many solvents can also permeate the skin and enter the blood circulation.83 Therefore, gloves are commonly used when handling solvents, handling materials made with solvents, or processes that use solvents. Solvents usually refer to a wide variety of chemicals, including alcohols, organic solvents such as aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, and gasoline among many others.84 Solvents are widely used in many applications such as paints, varnishes, lacquers, paint removers, plastics, adhesives, textiles, printing inks, rubber products, and waxes.84 However, permeation measurements of solvents can be challenging because solvents can often degrade the quality of disposable gloves in a short time.85
Community and environment as determinants of health
Ben Y.F. Fong, Martin C.S. Wong in The Routledge Handbook of Public Health and the Community, 2021
Ground-level ozone ([O3]) is produced by volatile organic compounds (VOCs, ozone precursors) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) via photochemical reaction under sunlight. It is also one of the important greenhouse gases causing global warming. The sources of VOCs are mainly from solvent-based paints, printing inks, organic solvents and petroleum products. The source of NOx is mostly from factories and fossil fuel burning. The combined effect of ozone with small air pollutants particles causing smog in sunny days. Smog reduces visibility. It is hazardous to human health as it irritates our eyes, nose and respiratory tract. It triggers an asthmatic or COPD attack and is associated with increased respiratory mortality.
Trigeminal autonomic cephalgias I – cluster headache: diagnosis and treatment
Stephen D. Silberstein, Richard B. Upton, Peter J. Goadsby in Headache in Clinical Practice, 2018
Pharmacological treatment for cluster headache can be abortive (acute; Table 9.5), prophylactic (preventive; Table 9.6), or a combination of both methods. Acute treatment is directed at managing the individual attack. Preventive treatment is directed at controlling the frequency of attacks and is thus employed in both the episodic and chronic forms of the disorder. Patients should be instructed to avoid afternoon naps and alcoholic beverages, including wine and beer, since alcohol induces acute attacks during active cluster periods. They should be cautioned about prolonged exposure to volatile substances, such as solvents, gasoline, or oil-based paints, during cluster periods. Dietary influences, with the exception of alcohol, appear to have little importance in cluster headache. High altitude hypoxemia (levels above 5000 feet) may induce attacks during cluster periods. Cluster attacks due to high altitude may be prevented by oral administration of acetazolamide, 250 mg twice a day for 4 days, starting 2 days before the high altitude is reached.
The Effect of Medium and Instruction While Creating Mandalas
Published in Art Therapy, 2022
Ashley Hartman, C. Estelle Campenni
According to the MDV, a continuum of art media ranging from resistive to fluid may be selected during art therapy interventions. Resistive media consists of pencils, crayons, and markers requiring pressure and resistance (Lusebrink, 2010). The use of resistive media impacts the kinesthetic, perceptual, and cognitive processes and can limit creative expression (Hinz, 2020; Lusebrink, 2010). Clients may focus more on planning and problem solving when creating with resistive media (Hinz, 2015). Resistive media are easy to control and encourage deliberate line and mark making. In contrast, fluid art materials include paints, chalk pastel, wet clay, or watercolor. According to Hinz (2015), fluid media may be more likely to promote ambiguous forms, meaningful symbols, and intuitive concepts (Kagin & Lusebrink, 1978; Lusebrink, 1990) that allow intense colors and evoke affective functioning. Fluid media evoke emotion whereas solid (resistive) media likely assists with internal organization and cognitive processes. During mandala creation, resistive media and fluid media can be utilized.
Influence of coating type, colour, and deployment timing on biofouling by native and non-native species in a marine renewable energy context
Published in Biofouling, 2022
Christopher R. Nall, Marie-Lise Schläppy, Elizabeth J. Cottier-Cook, Andrew J. Guerin
Variation in settlement among coloured surfaces could also be influenced by other surface properties. During Experiment 1, some differences were found between marine growth on the unpainted black reference panels and the panels painted with black anticorrosive paint. Despite the similar colour, overall fouling composition and abundances of some NNS differed even after 15 months. Different coloured paints will be produced using a range of pigments, which will affect their surface chemistry, and most surfaces deployed in the marine environment will have different physico-chemical properties; factors such as roughness, hardness, and surface energy are known to affect settlement and adhesion of fouling organisms (Visscher 1927; Brown 2005; Prendergast 2010). It is possible to control for such surface effects in experimental studies, by placing test surfaces under glass or clear plastic so that settling organisms encounter a chemically consistent surface (Visscher 1927; Swain et al. 2006; Ells et al. 2016). However, such approaches would not have been appropriate here, since the aim was to examine settlement on the types of surfaces that are likely to occur in real-world marine renewable energy developments.
Impaired exercise capacity in electrostatic polyester powder paint workers
Published in Inhalation Toxicology, 2021
Ukbe Sirayder, Deniz Inal-Ince, Cihangir Acik, Ferhan Soyuer
Electrostatic powder paints (EPP) contain polyester, which is a hydrocarbon. It is a polymer that is formed by melting at a high temperature of petroleum and produced ‘terephthalic acid’ and ‘ethyl glycol,’ and it is a carcinogenic substance (Pang et al. 2016). Polyester is used in electrostatic paint production due to its electrostatic properties. Polyesters are known to cause various skin diseases (Meyers 2010). In addition, it decreases the progesterone ratio in pregnant women due to its electrostatic effect and causes miscarriage. In male subjects, the use of polyester underwear has been reported to reduce sperm count and quality. The inhalation of polyester, which has serious side effects even in contact with the skin, is hazardous (Dale et al. 2014). When animal experiments conducted to investigate the effectiveness of polyester are examined, it is seen that exposure to polyester causes damage to the lung tissue the most. At 13 weeks, it has been shown to cause an increase in the weight, the number of macrophages and inflammatory cytokines of the affected lung tissue (Katz et al. 1997). In addition to the polyester in powder paints, organic, metallic, and plastic pigments, binders, and thinners are used. Each of these may accumulate in the lungs as a result of inhalation and may cause occupational lung diseases (Meyers 2010).
Related Knowledge Centers
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