Ecology
Paul Pumpens in Single-Stranded RNA Phages, 2020
Advanced kinetic studies of the phage MS2 inactivation by ozone disinfection were performed by Cai et al. (2014). Recently, Wolf C et al. (2018) presented the accurate and quantitative kinetic data regarding inactivation of the phages MS2 and Qβ, as well as the DNA phages φX174 and T4, by the ozone treatment, and it was concluded that ozone remains a highly effective disinfectant for virus control. Moreover, ozonation was combined efficiently with coagulation and ceramic membrane process for water reclamation, and the effects of ozonation on virus coagulation were presented where the phage MS2 was used as a test model (Im et al. 2018). The role of the phage MS2 by the introduction of the ozone treatment for pathogen removal from water was reviewed recently by Gomes J et al. (2019).
Cyclospora cayetanensis: Portrait of an Intriguing and Enigmatic Protistan Parasite
Dongyou Liu in Handbook of Foodborne Diseases, 2018
With regard to food, raw vegetables and fruits dipped in sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) solution revealed statistically significant reductions in the viability and infectivity of parasites including Cyclospora [246]. Chlorine as sodium hypochlorite is the most widely used disinfectant by industrial producers of fresh produce, because it is relatively inexpensive and easy to use. However, its effectiveness against protozoa is limited, because the concentration commonly used (80–100 mg/L) is too low to remove them. An increase in the concentration of chlorine used for washing is not recommended, because it could cause chemical contamination, unpleasant odor and the appearance of harmful compounds in the final product [247]. Chlorine dioxide is more effective at inactivating protists than sodium hypochlorite, but it is 5–10 times more expensive, and is also dangerous for the operators compared with sodium hypochlorite. Ozone treatment is a much more effective disinfectant than chlorination, but is not widely used solution in the food industry because ozone is unstable and dangerous for the health of operators [248].
Water reuse *
Jamie Bartram, Rachel Baum, Peter A. Coclanis, David M. Gute, David Kay, Stéphanie McFadyen, Katherine Pond, William Robertson, Michael J. Rouse in Routledge Handbook of Water and Health, 2015
Disinfection must accomplish the dual objective of inactivating pathogenic organisms while not harming water users (human or environmental) or plant workers. Traditionally, chlorine has been used as a disinfectant. However, ozone and ultraviolet (UV) radiation have rapidly become alternative methods of disinfection. Ozone and UV radiation are both more effective disinfectants than chlorine, but both are energy intensive and expensive, although prices are decreasing. To achieve an adequate disinfection performance, the combination of UV with other disinfection agents is usually used to provide greater reliability and higher efficiency for inactivation of different types of microorganisms. Ozone is as effective as UV and chlorine but like chlorine it may also lead to formation of secondary disinfection byproducts (DBPs) (Plewa et al., 2011).
Molecular effects of ozone on amino acids and proteins, especially human hemoglobin and albumin, and the need to personalize ozone concentration in major ozone autohemotherapy
Published in Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences, 2023
Fouad Mehraban, Arefeh Seyedarabi
Ozone, one of the strongest oxidants in nature, [1] can be produced under laboratory conditions by passing pure oxygen through a high voltage gradient [2]. Ozone, which is used clinically as medical ozone, is a mixture of gases: ozone (1–5%) and oxygen (99–95%) [3]. It can be produced in the body by neutrophils, through the catalytic reaction of immune cells, from endogenously produced single oxygen molecules and antibodies [4]. It is also generated endogenously in living tissues through the oxidation of water by singlet oxygen molecules, a reaction that is catalyzed by antibodies or amino acids [5]. The term, ozonation, relates to the process when ozone is used in treatment [6], while ozonolysis is any reaction with ozone, especially a reaction with a double bond that results in bond cleavage [7].
Advanced oxidation of acid yellow 11 dye; detoxification and degradation mechanism
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2021
Mohamed A. Hassaan, Ahmed El Nemr, Fedekar F. Madkour, Abubakr M. Idris, Tarek O. Said, Taher Sahlabji, Majed M. Alghamdi, Adel A. El-Zahhar
The identification and poisonous assessment of the ozonation intermediates and final products have to be investigated to avoid environmental harms and to validate the treatment method. Our previous studies and other earlier studies reported that the degradation product due to ozonation depends on the chemical structure of the parent compounds along with the ozonation circumstances (Somensi et al.2010, Hassaan et al.2017a,b, El Nemr et al.2017). The chromatogram of GC/MS (Figure 3) shows the following compounds with retention times: 13.58 min dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane, 22.00 min tetradecamethyl-cycloheptasiloxane, 27.22 min 2,7-diphenyl-1,6-dioxopyridazino[4,5:2′,3′]pyrrolo[4′,5′-d]pyridazine, 31.78 min 14-methyl-hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester, 35.64 min dibutylphthalate and 44.08 min diisooctylphthalate.
Degradation mechanism of Direct Red 23 dye by advanced oxidation processes: a comparative study
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2022
Mohamed A. Hassaan, Ahmed El Nemr, Adel A. El-Zahhar, Abubakr M. Idris, Majed M. Alghamdi, Taher Sahlabji, Tarek O. Said
Advanced chemical-based methods, namely advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), have gained so far contentment by researchers and practitioners (Aliouche et al.2016, Shu et al.2016). Some AOPs approaches reported advantageous features in terms of simplicity of process, lower energy consumption, and no sludge production, besides satisfactory degradation leading to detoxification. In particular, the ozonation-based method (O3) was found efficient. This because O3 is a strong oxidizing agent that oxidizes chemicals in two diverse manners; direct ozonation by molecular ozone reaction that is considered conventional oxidation and indirect ozonation by hydroxyl radical (OH•) reaction produced from ozonation that is considered an AOP (Gągol et al.2018). Because it is a highly reactive oxidizing agent with oxidation potential of 2 V, OH• is able to oxidize a wide range of organic contaminants including azo dyes (Collivignarelli et al.2019, Navarro et al.2019, Rekhate and Shrivastava 2020). Nevertheless, mere ozonation process may produce undesirable by-products those having direct or indirect hazardousness to the environment. Therefore, such by-products require post-treatment as physical/biological-based methods.
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