Optimizing Function and Physical Health in Frail Adults
Gia Merlo, Kathy Berra in Lifestyle Nursing, 2023
Although there is no need for screening, there are some common consequences or risks associated with physical activity that may occur. These risks focus mainly on musculoskeletal injury and cardiovascular disease exacerbations. Musculoskeletal injury is due to the type and intensity of the activity done and the individual’s underlying status (e.g., degree of osteoarthritis or osteoporosis). Musculoskeletal events are more likely to occur in individuals who are not physically fit to begin with. Prevention of injury is done by starting at a low level of activity. This means walking for one minute, five minutes, and then building up to ten minutes or starting a resistance exercise against gravity and then increasing to one pound weights and increasing accordingly. Progression to a heavier weight is generally done once the individual can do eight repetitions with the current weight comfortably.
Pediatric Orthopedic Trauma: Upper Extremity Fractures
David E. Wesson, Bindi Naik-Mathuria in Pediatric Trauma, 2017
Injuries in the skeletally immature patient represent a major public health challenge as this impacts both the patient and the patient’s family. The incidence of pediatric trauma in the United States appears to be increasing. The most common causes of musculoskeletal injury are sports or recreational activities, motor vehicle accidents, nonaccidental injuries (abuse), and occasionally gunshot and firearm injuries. Sports and recreational injuries contribute the most to musculoskeletal trauma and the incidence of these injuries is increasing due to greater youth participation. Younger children are becoming involved in organized athletic activities and are participating in these activities year round. In addition, recreational activities such as skateboarding and bicycling have changed to more extreme activities with higher speeds and stunts [1].
Medical Issues, Pharmacology and Nutrient Interaction
Elizabeth Broad in Sports Nutrition for Paralympic Athletes, 2019
General trends in musculoskeletal injury patterns and rates seem to be similar among amputee and able-bodied athletes in the same sport, with minor overuse tendinopathies and other musculoskeletal injuries being most common (Fagher and Lexell 2014; Klenck and Gebke 2007; Tuakli-Wosornu et al. 2018; Webborn and Emery 2014). Nutrients such as proteins, amino acids (leucine, arginine, glutamine), vitamins C and D, manganese, copper, zinc and phytochemicals may be useful in aiding tendon growth, strengthening and healing (Curtis 2016). Of particular interest are scientists’ recent attempts to leverage nutrient combinations to achieve greater effects on collagen. For example, Shaw et al. (2017) conducted a randomised, controlled trial demonstrating that vitamin C-enriched gelatine supplementation, given 1 hour before intermittent bouts of exercise that stimulate collagen synthesis (6 minutes of rope skipping) increased circulating glycine, proline, hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine in health subjects in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, engineered ligaments demonstrated increased collagen content and improved mechanics in vitro when treated with the serum of subjects who ingested gelatine, as compared to those who ingested placebo solution; again, a dose-response was observed (Shaw et al. 2017). While results are promising, further work is required to determine optimal strategies to incorporate such dietary interventions into day-to-day training routines compared to recovery from injury.
A comparative study of vocational education and occupational safety and health training in China and the UK
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2018
Baisheng Nie, Xin Huang, Fei Xue, Jiang Chen, Xiaobing Liu, Yangyang Meng, Jinxin Huang
The work safety system is established in the UK based on laws and regulations. Government supervision plays a big role. Priority has been given to the coordination effect among industry associations. Being people oriented, workers consciously maintain work safety through enterprise autonomy and self-discipline [20]. The death toll in industry for the UK has shown a fluctuating decline in recent decades: 133 people were killed in occupational accidents in 2013, including three mining deaths, and the death rate per 100,000 people was 0.44 in this year. The total number of occupational diseases fluctuated during the years 2005–2014. Musculoskeletal injury has been the main occupational injury. Psychological disease due to working stress has shown an increase in recent years [21]. Its incidence and prevalence exceeded that of musculoskeletal injury and disease in 2012 and psychological disease has become the largest occupational disease, as shown in Figures 1 and 2. Figure 2 shows the cumulative occupational disease prevalence, where existing and new cases are included. Confidence intervals represent the range of uncertainty resulting from the estimates being derived from a sampled group of people, not the entire population. They are calculated so that the range has a 95% chance of including the true value in the absence of bias. No self-reported work-related ill-health data collected for years are shown in the figure.
Volleyball-related injuries in adolescent female players: an initial report
Published in The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 2021
Joseph G. Wasser, Brady Tripp, Michelle L. Bruner, Daniel R. Bailey, Rachel S. Leitz, Jason L. Zaremski, Heather K. Vincent
Injuries were characterized by anatomical site or joint. A musculoskeletal injury was defined as any condition that resulted in the loss of one day of training or competition [12]. The diagnoses and types of injuries were provided by the respondent and confirmed by the parent. We quantified injuries in two ways: the total number accrued per player during the previous year, and the number of injuries by play exposure. Because this time frame for injury recall was shorter than previous nationally-conducted surveillance studies [5,9], we expressed injury rates per 100 exposures. An athletic exposure was defined here as a practice or game of two-hours in duration. The time-loss injuries were defined as those that required a minimum of 24 hours restriction from play [9], whereas the non-time loss injuries were defined as those that did not require any time off from play. Time loss injuries >24 hours (2 weeks, 1 month, >1 month) were reported as non-interrupted time away from sport participation as a result of a single specific injury.
Is walking symmetry important for ambulatory patients with spinal cord injury?
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2018
Makamas Kumprou, Pipatana Amatachaya, Thanat Sooknuan, Thiwabhorn Thaweewannakij, Sugalya Amatachaya
This study confirmed problems of asymmetrical walking and the importance of walking symmetry, both treatments and assessments, in ambulatory participants with SCI to determine the ability of well-controlled walking and the risk of multiple falls. However, the findings were cross-sectionally explored and the risk of musculoskeletal injury was indirectly assessed. Thus, the findings were unable to clearly indicate causal relationships, and a further prospective study with the real observation in the interest events is needed. Additionally, the study applied spatial data (step length symmetry) to reflect levels of walking symmetry because the method is practical for use in clinics and communities. However, Lauzière et al. [20] have indicated that step length asymmetry occurs less frequently than temporal asymmetry (33–49% vs. 60%, respectively). Thus, a further study applying temporal data may clearly indicate problems of asymmetrical walking in these individuals.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Bone
- Skeleton
- Tendon
- Arthritis
- Ligament
- Joint
- Soft Tissue
- Skeletal Muscle
- Muscular System
- Orthopedic Surgery