Recent Trends in Bio-Medical Waste, Challenges and Opportunities
K. Gayathri Devi, Kishore Balasubramanian, Le Anh Ngoc in Machine Learning and Deep Learning Techniques for Medical Science, 2022
Industrial waste, sewage, and agricultural waste contaminate the water, land, and air. It's also possible that it'll be damaging to people and the environment. Similarly, hospitals and other health care facilities generate a lot of waste, which may transmit diseases such as HIV, hepatitis B and C, and tetanus to anybody who comes into contact with it. Biomedical waste management has recently become a significant issue for hospitals, nursing homes, and the environment. The effective handling of biological waste has now become a worldwide humanitarian problem. With the exception of a few large private hospitals in major cities, none of the smaller hospitals or nursing homes has a sufficient waste disposal infrastructure. These health institutions have been throwing trash into local municipal bins or, worse, out in the open, without regard for safety or the environment. For many years, such negligent disposal has encouraged the illicit reuse of medical waste by rag pickers. India generates approximately three million tonnes of medical waste each year, with an annual growth rate of 8% anticipated. The first step is the construction of large dumping sites and incinerators, which certain progressive states like Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu are doing against the opposition. We must educate ourselves on this important subject not only for the benefit of health management, but also for the benefit of the community if we want to preserve our environment and community's health.
Lifestyle and Diet
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy in Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
In addition, mining, agriculture, and deforestation are important energy-intensive activities that impact economies and at the same time directly and indirectly cause soil, air, and land pollution (208–210). Release of industrial waste harms the soil. Food is a big contributor to landfill waste. In addition, industries generate hazardous waste from petroleum refining, mining, and plastic manufacturing. Household hazardous wastes including solvents, plastic items, motor oil, and more, are harmful to human health and the environment. More effective public health policies on hazardous waste management are urgently needed (210). Pollution is observed more in industrialized countries than in developing countries.
Pollution by air, water and land
Richard Lawson, Jonathon Porritt in Bills of Health, 2018
The first stage in sewage treatment is screening to remove items such as wood, cloth or plastics. This is followed by settling out of solids. Regrettably, solids may still be dumped at sea, in landfill, or incinerated. This not only causes environmental pollution, but also represents a wasted resource. The preferred treatment is anaerobic digestion (or other forms of digestion that are becoming available) and return to agricultural or forestry land. Return to land requires that industrial waste containing toxic substances is not mixed in with domestic sewage. Anaerobic digestion has the triple virtues of.
Promising anti-Helicobacter pylori and anti-inflammatory metabolites from unused parts of Phoenix dactylifera CV ‘Zaghloul’: in vitro and in silico study
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2023
Nada Elhefni, Sherif S. Ebada, Marwa M. Abdel-Aziz, El-Sayed M. Marwan, Saleh El-Sharkawy, Mona El-Neketi
A tremendous amount of agro-industrial waste is being produced worldwide annually. This is due to the enormous expansion of agroindustrial practices as well as human civilization (Faiad et al. 2022). The number of date palm trees exceeds 120 million throughout the world producing annually several million tons of dates (Aydeniz-Güneşer 2022). In Egypt, agricultural wastes are accumulating in large quantities causing environmental drawbacks including serious health hazards. Partial resolution of this problem can be achieved by utilizing this waste economically to produce valuable chemicals and pharmaceuticals (Rao and Rathod 2019). Egypt is one of the largest date palm producers (1.47 million tons in 2012; MT/Y) which also produce a large amounts of agricultural waste. Date palm waste, in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, constitute about 2.8 MT/Y in the form of fruitless bunch, fibrous mesh, fronds and seeds. Thus, agro-industrial waste of date palm represent a serious disposal problem (Jonoobi et al. 2019; Aydeniz-Güneşer 2022; Faiad et al. 2022).
Spatial distribution of heavy metals in rice grains, rice husk, and arable soil, their bioaccumulation and associated health risks in Haryana, India
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2021
Renu Daulta, Tallapragada Sridevi, Vinod Kumar Garg
Heavy metals in soil may be added by geogenic sources as well as anthropogenic activities (Li et al.2018). Among geogenic sources, igneous rocks are a major contributor of metals to soil (Muradoglu et al.2015). Dixit et al. (2015) reported that the contribution of natural sources is less important as compared to anthropogenic sources. The anthropogenic sources may include disposal of solid waste, raw sludge, industrial waste, fly ash, etc. in the agricultural fields. At several locations wastewater and groundwater are used for irrigation may also be contributing to the metal load of soil. Another reason for metal concentration in soil is that their rate of addition is more than the rate of sequestration and disturbances in geochemical cycles of metals (Dixit et al.2015). It is also evident from the literature that the areas which naturally have higher metal content in the soil there the vegetation is adapted to higher metal concentrations and uptake of metals is generally higher (Presser et al.1994).
Hepatoprotective effects of Tagetes lucida root extract in carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar albino rats through amelioration of oxidative stress
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2021
Samah Ali El-Newary, Rasha Fouad Ismail, Nermeen Mohammed Shaffie, Saber Fayez Hendawy, Elsayed Omer, Mahgoub Mohammed Ahmed, Wael M. ELsayed
The liver is the body’s most vital organ. It has many functions including, nutrients metabolism, waste metabolites excretion, and xenobiotics detoxification. Several toxic substances such as carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and thioacetamide can infect hepatocytes. These toxicants induce lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress. The industrial progress that facilitates the modern lifestyle has poisoned the environment through poor control of industrial waste disposal. One toxicant in such waste is CCl4, emitted from chemical industries and accumulates in the atmosphere. The CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity model is used to study the hepatoprotective effects of drugs and plant extracts. CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity is caused by a) the promotion of lipid peroxidation, b) inhibition of antioxidant enzymes, and c) induction of free radical production (Kumar et al. 2009). Hepatocytes are sensitive to the oxidative stress induced by CCl4 metabolites and cytokines that cause an inflammatory response.
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