Bioprocess Parameters of Production of Cyanobacterial Exopolysaccharide
Gokare A. Ravishankar, Ranga Rao Ambati in Handbook of Algal Technologies and Phytochemicals, 2019
The high productivity of the cyanobacteria is possible via boosting cellular production on a metabolic state by recombinant DNA technology as well as via designing the best-suited photoreactor encompassing the cultivation methods. The influencing parameters include water quality, temperature, light, pH, nourishments (macro/micro), and a suitable amount of salts as well as ions concentration including gaseous exchange. The cyanobacterial strains sustain an exceptional range of conditions ranging from subzero to an elevated temperature of around 70ºC generally present in naturally occurring hot springs (Seckbach 2007). Likewise, extremophiles thrive in extreme pH, light, or salinity conditions. However, the parameters of the physical and chemical environment is to be optimized for maximized growth of biomass.
Microbial ecology of the vulva
Miranda A. Farage, Howard I. Maibach in The Vulva, 2017
An unusual group of organisms identified as extremophiles was described in the late 1970s and was noted for its ability to grow at extreme temperatures (52). DNA sequence analyses showed that these organisms, which as a group exist typically in high temperatures and/or produce methane, clustered together well away from known bacteria (eubacteria) and eukaryotes. This observation led to the proposal that life should be divided into three domains: eukaryotes, eubacteria, and archaea. Not only have these organisms been isolated from extreme environments (such as icebergs or hot sulfur springs), they have also been identified in human clinical samples (53–55). The methanogenic archaea have been isolated from the human oral cavity (53), as well as from the human gut (54) and the vagina (55). Their potential presence on the vulva and their overall role in human microbial ecology are yet to be determined.
Marine Algal Secondary Metabolites Are a Potential Pharmaceutical Resource for Human Society Developments
Se-Kwon Kim in Marine Biochemistry, 2023
Almelysin, a new metalloproteinase with significant efficiency in low temperatures, is also other proteinase isolated from the culture filtrate of Alteromonas sp. The metalloprotease secreted by Alteromonas sp. is essential in the strain’s chitin degradation pathway. Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. has been found as a protamine-reducing marine bacterium obtained from marine soil. Extremophile hydrolases have benefits over chemical biocatalysts. These catalysts are non- polluting, environmentally acceptable, extremely specific, and occur in mild reaction circumstances. Such hydrolases may activate in the form of organic liquids, which is crucial for the production of single-isomer chiral medicines. These hydrolases have been used in a variety of ways. L-asparaginase is a hydrolase which produces L-aspartic and ammonia from L-asparagine. L-glutaminase activities is also present in this enzyme. Antileukemia/antilymphoma drugs made from microbial L-asparaginase preparations for biomedical applications presently account for one-third of global demand. L-asparaginases have been widely utilized in children particularly its act as chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia, which is considerably greater than various therapeutic enzymes. L-asparaginase has been treated as an anti-tumor therapy in non-lymphoma, bovine lymphoma sarcoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia Hodgkin’s pancreatic carcinoma, lymphosarcoma, lymphosarcoma, reticulum sarcoma, acute myelomonocytic leukemia, melanoma sarcoma and acute myelocytic leukemia.
Fatty acids and survival of bacteria in Hammam Pharaon springs, Egypt
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2018
Yehia A. Osman, Mahmud Mokhtar Gbr, Ahmed Abdelrazak, Amr M. Mowafy
Extremophiles are members of the extreme environment-tolerant organisms, which belong to Archaea, eubacteria, and eukaryote. These group of organisms can live, survive and flourish at temperatures above 50 °C and may reach 80 °C and up [1]. The normal temperature sensitive macromolecules (enzymes, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids) have demonstrated tolerance/resistance to this denaturing high temperatures. This adaptability of the thermophiles and hyperthermophiles cellular components is simply described as thermostability. These thermophiles and hyperthermophiles bacteria have been isolated from different habitats including hydrothermal vents and deep ocean-basin cores. From amongst them Gram positive/negative, spore or non-spore forming bacteria were isolated which exhibited aerobic or anaerobic metabolism [2] (See Table 1).
Isolation and characterization of a novel thermophile; Bacillus haynesii, applied for the green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2019
Suriya Rehman, B. Rabindran Jermy, Sultan Akhtar, J. Francis Borgio, Sayed Abdul Azeez, Vijaya Ravinayagam, Reem Al Jindan, Zainab Hassan Alsalem, Abdullah Buhameid, Adil Gani
We also demonstrated that CDL3 is an extremophile for its ability to grow in the presence of 0–12% NaCl, making it halotolerant and up to the temperature of 55 °C, making it thermotolerant. Extremophiles are known to survive in the extreme environments to which they had adapted to grow; indeed it goes in favor of CDL3, which is isolated from a desert plant, an inhabitant of extreme hot climate and water scarcity condition [43]. During the study of cultural characteristic, it is assumed that CDL3 has the ability of retaining water, when grown at 50 to 55 °C, which is evident from the moist colonies on agar plate (Figure 1(A)), hence, making it thrive in extreme conditions. The structural analysis of B. haynesii by electron microscopy is previously unknown. Analysis by TEM shows, the features of structural organization of the spore, which may correlate with its physical and biological characteristics including the ability to survive at extreme conditions [44].
Design of artificial cells: artificial biochemical systems, their thermodynamics and kinetics properties
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2022
Adamu Yunusa Ugya, Lin Pohan, Qifeng Wang, Kamel Meguellati
An important region in the phase space of an ensemble of molecules is at or near the critical temperature (Tc). At the critical point, phase boundaries vanish and the phases merge together into a single phase. It is important that the critical temperature of artificial catalytic molecules (proteins) is below the ambient temperature of the cell. In this context extremophiles form an interesting group of organisms. In the presence of two length scales, i.e. long scale hydrophobic interactions and short scale primary structure interactions, self-organized criticality can occur and the main interesting phenomenon at the critical point is self-organized criticality. In fact one of the mechanisms by which complex systems arise in nature is self-organized criticality (SOC) which is typically observed in non-linear systems with a large degree of freedom. SOC is frequently observed in cells, many base pairs make up a DNA strand and SOC can consolidate distinct states of gene expression [119]. Many nerve cells make up a neural network and SOC is believed to be a fundamental property of neural systems [120]. Many amino acids make up a single protein and proteins appear to be the most dramatic natural example of self-organized criticality [115,121]. SOC can consolidate the structure and hence the catalytic function of the protein. A fundamental question is whether all biological systems are poised at SOC [122]. The physical description of systems that are in a self-organized critical state lay in the fields of statistical physics and non-equilibrium thermodynamics. Non-equilibrium thermodynamics predicts that there is a general tendency in driven many-particle systems towards self-organization into states formed through exceptionally reliable absorption and dissipation of work energy from the surrounding environment that is a minimum level of dissipation corroborating the enthalpy(H)-entropy(S) compensation effect [123].
Related Knowledge Centers
- Bacteria
- Bioremediation
- Endospore
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- Ph
- Protein Folding
- Salinity
- Amino Acid
- Thriving
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