Organic Chemicals
William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel in Reversibility of Chronic Disease and Hypersensitivity, Volume 4, 2017
The composition of natural gas varies depending on its origin. It usually contains methane, and it can contain ethane. In addition, it contains propane, butane, hydrogen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, and helium. The H2 must be removed from natural gas before it can be used for heating or a raw material in manufacturing primary products. Natural gas occurs frequently as gas bubbles near oil fields, or it is dissolved in crude oil or surrounding coal fields, as a product of subsequent carbonization. It also comes from the fracking of shale. These with chronic degenerative disease may not initially perceive the contamination and are exposed for years before chemical sensitivity or the fatal cancer or arteriosclerosis occurs. When they are tapped, these gas and oil fields emanate odors that pollute the air and adversely affect the chemically sensitive and chronic degenerative diseased in the area. Natural gas from shale is the latest problem in the United States as many people living in the area have become ill by the fumes and thus pollutants; this phenomenon shows chemical sensitivity or chronic degenerative disease often occurs as does hormone deregulation, cancer, or arteriosclerosis.
Vitamin E supplementation retards the development of acquired immune deficiency syndrome
Ronald R. Watson in NUTRIENTS and FOODS in AIDS, 2017
Our results125 demonstrated that oxygen-free radicals, represented by ethane exhalation are markedly increased during the development of murine AIDS. This may partly explain the greater susceptibility to cancer and infectious diseases during AIDS, because oxygen radicals have a carcinogenic potential and impair ability of lymphoid cell membrane and cytokine secretion. Vitamin E supplementation significantly reduces this increased free radical in murine AIDS. Hepatic lipid peroxidation is also significantly elevated in murine AIDS, whereas vitamin E supplementation significantly reduces it.125 Thus, vitamin E supplementation could protect immune cells from the disturbance of free radicals and lipid peroxidation, intensifying immune responses during the development of AIDS. In conclusion, the possible importance of antioxidant nutrient as an adjunct therapy in AIDS patients as highlighted by vitamin E deficiency could be a predisposing factor for the pathological conditions occurring from AIDS or from AIDS chemotherapy, and possibly a factor influencing the progression of the disease.
Microsomal Oxidation of Hydroxyl Radical Scavenging Agents
Robert A. Greenwald in CRC Handbook of Methods for Oxygen Radical Research, 2018
The production of ethane or methane is determined by gas chromatography using a 1-mℓ sample of the head space. Flasks are left at room temperature. Operating conditions and column are identical to those described for the determination of ethylene. The retention time for methane is 0.50 min while that for ethane is about 2.2 min. Some background methane is present in the room air. After the determination of methane and ethane, the flasks are opened and the contents are centrifuged for 10 min in a clinical centrifuge to remove precipitated protein.
Evaluation of hazard distances related to toxic releases in a gas refinery: comparison of chemical exposure index and consequence modeling approaches
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2021
Morteza Cheraghi, Ali Bagherian-Sahlavani, Hedayat Noori, Iraj Mohammad-Fam
In this study, a gas refinery was selected as the setting for the simulation. Plant units receive toxic gas from a sea pipeline and treat it with different equipment to produce products. The first unit to receive toxic gas is the sludge catcher (unit 100), in which glycol water and condensate will be separated from the gas; glycol water will be sent to the ethylene glycol (MEG) recovery unit and the condensate will be sent to the condensate stabilizer unit. The output gas from the sludge catcher, after passing through high-pressure separators, will go to the gas treatment unit (unit 101) followed by gas sweetening. Refinery products such as methane, ethane, propane and butane will be extracted. In the gas sweetening process, acid gas is produced that contains a large amount of H2S gas. Because of environmental issues, this gas cannot be burned and must be recovered in the sulfur recovery unit (unit 108). Lastly, solid sulfur is produced and will be kept in storage. A simplified presentation of the gas refinery process units is shown in Figure 1, which also indicates some of the main relationships between them.
In vivo studies on the ameliorative effect of coconut water against carbon tetrachloride induced toxicity in rats
Published in Biomarkers, 2021
Ifeanyichukwu Elekwa, Victor Chibueze Ude, Okezie Emmanuel, Victor Obioma Amachaghi, Eziuche Amadike Ugbogu
Induction of the rats with CCl4 caused an increase in ‘bad’ lipid levels (total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein and very-low-density lipoprotein) but decreased the ‘good’ lipid levels (high-density lipoprotein) compared to the negative control. An increase in total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein and very-low-density lipoprotein has been shown to associate with atherosclerosis and coronary heart diseases (Sandhya and Rajamohan 2008). High-density lipoproteins convey cholesterol and its esters to the liver for conversion to bile acids which is essential for atherosclerotic plaque inhibition (Young et al. 2004, Kim et al. 2008). Administration of coconut water reversed the lipid profile to equal the negative control indicating that coconut water may neutralize the toxic effect caused by CCl4 on the lipid profile. Previously, it has been reported that coconut water can decrease elevated levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein and very-low-density lipoprotein caused by a high cholesterol fat diet (Sandhya and Rajamohan 2006). It has been reported that exposure of mice to CCl4 caused ethane release and induced lipid peroxidation evidenced by an increase in MDA level, whereas ethane release and lipid peroxidation was not observed in those treated with α-tocopherol (vitamin E, an antioxidant) (Riely et al. 1974). This suggests that antioxidants present in the coconut water may have contributed to reversing the impact of the CCl4 on the lipid profile of the animals.
The potential of volatile organic compound analysis for pathogen detection and disease monitoring in patients with cystic fibrosis
Published in Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, 2022
Anton Barucha, Renan M. Mauch, Franziska Duckstein, Carlos Zagoya, Jochen G. Mainz
Regarding the use of VOC analysis for CF diagnosis, Barker et al. found N-pentane and dimethyl sulfide to be significantly higher in pwCF than in healthy controls. However, levels of ethane, propane, methanol, ethanol, acetone, isoprene, benzene, toluene, or limonene were not significantly different between the two groups [23]. Enderby et al. pioneered the investigation of breath hydrogen cyanide (HCN) with SIFT-MS. In a longitudinal study, they analyzed breath samples from a cohort of children and adolescents aged 7–17 years with CF (n = 16) or asthma (n = 21) during outpatient visits. A total of 263 breath samples for SIFT-MS analysis were collected over a period of 6 months. The authors detected significantly higher HCN levels in exhaled breath of pwCF when compared to samples from asthma patients [40].
Related Knowledge Centers
- Chemical Compound
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- Functional Group
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- Chemical Formula
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- Oil Refinery
- Moiety
- Hydroxy Group