Growth and Development of Medicinal Plants, and Production of Secondary Metabolites under Ozone Pollution
Azamal Husen in Environmental Pollution and Medicinal Plants, 2022
Life on Earth is not possible without its environment or without interacting with other species or ecosystems, which are very significant units of life on Earth. The life cycle involves the assembling and disassembling of various atoms from the environment and returning them to the environment. The Industrial Revolution played a major role in the change of atmospheric gases and the presence of particulate matter and their effects on the natural environment, leading to environmental pollution. Environmental pollution can be defined as unwanted or unfavourable changes or alterations of our surroundings, mainly as a by-product of human action through direct or indirect effects of change in energy patterns, radiation levels, chemical and physical constitution, and abundance of organisms.
Community and environment as determinants of health
Ben Y.F. Fong, Martin C.S. Wong in The Routledge Handbook of Public Health and the Community, 2021
Pollution is defined as “unwanted, often dangerous material that is introduced into the Earth’s environment as the result of human activity, that threatens human health, and that harms ecosystems” by the Lancet Commission on pollution and health (Landrigan et al., 2018). It poses a significant burden to our economy and health care system. Worldwide, pollution leads to a costly amount of economic loss. Pollution-related diseases could cause up to 7% of total health spending in countries with heavy pollutions due to rapid development. Each year, US$4.6 trillion is lost, which is approximately 6.2% of global economic output. According to the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study in 2017, it was estimated that 8.3 million deaths and 308 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost were attributable to various types of pollution, namely air, water, occupational, soil, heavy metals, chemicals and lead pollutions. In this section, the discussion is focused on air and water pollutions (Global Health Data Exchange, 2019).
Risk Assessment and Regulatory Toxicology
Frank A. Barile in Barile’s Clinical Toxicology, 2019
The EPA’s mandate is guided by federal laws protecting human health and the environment. It oversees natural resources, human health, economic growth, energy, transportation, agriculture, industry, and international trade in establishing environmental policy. The EPA provides leadership in environmental science, research, education, and assessment efforts, and works closely with other federal agencies, state and local governments, and Indian tribes to develop and enforce regulations. The EPA sets national standards and delegates responsibility to states and tribes for issuing permits, enforcing compliance, and issuing sanctions. It monitors and enforces a variety of voluntary pollution prevention programs and energy conservation efforts, particularly with industrial concerns.
Role of air pollutants in dengue fever incidence: evidence from two southern cities in Taiwan
Published in Pathogens and Global Health, 2023
Hao-Chun Lu, Fang-Yu Lin, Yao-Huei Huang, Yu-Tung Kao, El-Wui Loh
DF has existed in human history for a long time and is unlikely to be eliminated. More importantly, the emergence of DF in the temperate zone suggests an ongoing but unnoticed evolution of the mosquito vectors and the DENV, possibly due to climate change and environmental pollution, posing a threat of cross-border and global DF pandemic in the future. The current study found a sharper change in the levels of air pollutants, namely SO2 minimum, O3 maximum, CO minimum, PM10 minimum, and PM2.5 minimum, predict MDFI besides precipitation days. The sustained variables in both regression models suggest that month order, PM10, PM2.5, and precipitation days play significant roles in DF development. Our findings also highlight potential causal effects of the specific air pollutants in the DF pandemic, possibly through the alteration in human immunological status and plant physiology. Future prevention strategies should concern the harm of air pollution.
The effects of inhaled pollutants on reproduction in marginalized communities: a contemporary review
Published in Inhalation Toxicology, 2023
Ramsés Santacruz-Márquez, Alison M. Neff, Vasiliki E. Mourikes, Endia J. Fletcher, Jodi A. Flaws
Marginalized communities in North America experience higher rates of certain diseases and more deaths compared to the general population, indicating a profound disparity in health status (National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities 2022). Although several factors place marginalized communities at high risk for poor health outcomes, one important factor is air pollutant exposure. Air pollution is defined as an increase in pollutant substances in the atmosphere due to human activity and natural sources (Mathiarasan and Hüls 2021). Air pollutants derived from human activity include vehicle emissions, fuel oils, gas to heat homes, by-products of manufacturing and power generation, and fumes from chemical production. Natural sources include smoke from wildfires, ash and gases from volcanic eruptions, and gases such as methane that are emitted from decomposing organic matter in soils.
Dynamics of environmental pollution, socio-economic factors, and total fertility rate in MENA, ECOWAS, and ASEAN regions
Published in Health Care for Women International, 2023
Pollution is one of the core causes of other environmental issues such as biodiversity and climate change (Uchudi, 2001). Although pollution can come in terms of air, light, thermal, noise, water, and soil pollutions with its devastating effects on the global environment. The devastating consequences could seem more prevalent in the developing and middle-income countries or regions like the Middle East and North Africa (MENA); Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), and the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) regions (Skirbekk, 2008). Eventually, such components of pollution are interlinked as one particular form of pollution influences the other. Again, a substantial degree of hazardous industrial gas and agricultural emissions such as chlorofluorocarbons, carbon monoxide, Sulfur oxide (SO2), nitrous oxide (NO2), methane (CH4) emissions as well as carbon dioxide (CO2) became more pronounced in the environment following a significant level of economic growth recorded after the World War II (Ghadar, 2006).
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