Pesticides and Chronic Diseases
William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel in Reversibility of Chronic Disease and Hypersensitivity, Volume 4, 2017
Endrin: Endrin (Figure 7.5) is the stereoisomer of dieldrin and is one of the most toxic chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides. Since 1950, it has had widespread use in agriculture against soil and foliage pests. It has been banned in some countries due to its environmental persistence. Endrin is not found in the plasma, fat, or urine of members of the general population.96 Its metabolism is unsure, but it is thought to be through oxidation to 9-hydroxyendrin and then to ketoendrin and out the feces. A glueferonide conjugate has also been found in the urine.
Monitoring and health risk assessment of organochlorine pesticides in Karun River and drinking water Ahvaz city, South West of Iran
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2022
Sahand Jorfi, Ali Poormohammadi, Elham Maraghi, Halime Almasi
Due to more rainfall and increased river water during winter, the toxins in the water are diluted and results in a decrease in their concentrations (Taheri et al.2015). Previous studies have clearly shown that several chlorine pesticides have not yet been controlled in some areas because many of these pesticides that are prohibited such as dieldrin and endrin, are still used as a soil insecticide to control rootworms, beetles, and termites (Behfar et al.2013). Dieldrin is used in agriculture to control soil insects and some egg-borne insect vectors. In general, application of this pesticide is limited to termite and insect control of wood and leather pests. Dieldrin has very strong bonds with soil particles and is therefore highly permeable to groundwater (Shinggu et al.2015). In this study, the concentrations of endrin and dieldrin were higher than those reported by other studies (Shinggu et al.2015, Majd et al.2017). Chlordane is commonly used in agricultural food crops like vegetables, cereals, maize, oilseeds, potatoes, sugarcane, sugar beet, citrus fruits, walnuts, and cotton (Rathore and Nollet 2016). Based on the results, the concentrations of the studied OCPs were higher than the recommended standard values, except for chlordane that its concentration in December was lower than the standard value.
Effect of pesticide ban on suicide trend – a 20-year study from a tertiary care center in Central Kerala from 2001 to 2020
Published in Clinical Toxicology, 2022
M. Indira, Manu Johns Chowallur, Aryamol M. K., Chien-Yu Lin, Shu-Sen Chang, Mannil Sooraj, Jithin Thomas
Systematic review on suicide prevention by regulation of HHP done by Gunnel et al. showed that there was reduction of pesticide suicide after national pesticide ban in five and reduction of overall suicide in three of the six countries studied. Of these four studies used optimum analytical method. One study on restriction of sale, purchase, and storage of endrin in India was included in the systematic review, but evidence for suicide prevention by restriction was not consistent in the review. They have observed that no good quality evidence was available from India and China which contribute to most of pesticide suicides globally [25]. So our study is relevant in that aspect.
Veterinary utility of dried blood spots for detailed analysis of chlorinated pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls by gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
Published in Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods, 2020
Andreas F. Lehner, Lauren Stensen, Alan Zimmerman, Adam Bush, John Buchweitz
The method presented was validated for the following criteria: linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantitation, recovery and precision. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) were determined for OC and PCBs in DBS and are listed in Tables 4 and 5, respectively. Recoveries are listed in Table G in Supplementary Material and the calculated values for endrin aldehyde are quite low. In contrast, the remaining 21 OC compounds showed reasonable recoveries versus neat standards, ranging between 40–110% and also showing good comparability between blood and DBS in such recoveries.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Central Nervous System
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- Carcinogen
- Organochlorine Chemistry
- Chemical Formula
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