Radionuclide Concentrations in Soils lution-Processed Organic Solar Cells
Michael Pöschl, Leo M. L. Nollet in Radionuclide Concentrations in Food and the Environment, 2006
Because of the prohibitive costs of these countermeasures and the small scale of remediation, alternative methods have been proposed. In the case of contamination of a forest, it is possible to apply the following countermeasures in order to reduce the level of contamination [44]: Spraying contaminated canopies with detergents or other cleaning agents.Defoliation and removal of fallen leaves.Clear-cutting and removal of the timber.Plowing after clear-cutting and prior to planting.Scraping and removal of the surface layer.
The Environmental and Health Impacts of Chemical Spraying: Can Law Protect Victims? The Case of Agent Orange
Stefania Negri in Environmental Health in International and EU Law, 2019
Before sanitary damages were linked to AO sprayings by doctors, activists and plaintiffs, the extensive environmental destruction stirred indignation from the public. A 1969 report from a study conducted by two US scientists already pointed out irreversible environmental damages on Vietnamese ecosystems.30 These are the only damages officially recognised by the US and cooperative clearing operations are currently undertaken by the US and Vietnamese governments. A first site has been cleared (the Da Nang airbase), and two others are currently in progress (Bien Hoa and Phu Cat airbases). Still, many civilians living around contaminated areas are at risk of water and food borne contamination, and the defoliation has had disastrous consequences on the biodiversity.
Wild Plants as a Treasure of Natural Healers
Mahendra Rai, Shandesh Bhattarai, Chistiane M. Feitosa in Wild Plants, 2020
The Himalayan medicinal plants offer great potential for the discovery of novel molecules and new sources of active compounds, mainly because of the environmental stress to which they are subjected (Jackson and Dewick 1984). Plants in harsh environmental conditions (e.g., freezing temperature, drought, defoliation, high-intensity light, etc.) have developed a morphological, chemical, and genetic modification for their success in respective habitats. At least a few out of a large number of ethnomedicinal plants may contain important phytochemicals that can be used for the treatment of serious diseases (Bhattarai 2009).
Azadirachtin-based biopesticide affects the respiration and digestion in Anticarsia gemmatalis caterpillars
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2022
Cliver Fernandes Farder-Gomes, Meenakshi Saravanan, Luis Carlos Martínez, Angelica Plata-Rueda, José Cola Zanuncio, José Eduardo Serrão
Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a soybean pest causing yield losses in the Americas. Defoliation caused by caterpillar reduces plant size, photosynthesis rate, and biomass (Carneiro et al. 2018). In Brazil, this pest is controlled mainly with synthetic insecticides, since sustainable programs for integrated pest management, including biological control agents, have been reported as inefficient (Levy et al. 2007, Sosa-Gómez and Miranda 2012, Fiaz et al. 2018b, Castro et al. 2019). Transgenic soybean plants that express Bacillus thuringiensis Cry-proteins are specifics for Lepidoptera pests (Homrich et al. 2008); however, A. gemmatalis populations develop resistance to plant transgenic in Argentina, Brazil, and USA (Homrich et al. 2008, Bernardi et al. 2012, Bengyella et al. 2018).
Dietary fluted pumpkin seeds induce reversible oligospermia and androgen insufficiency in adult rats
Published in Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine, 2019
Rex-Clovis C. Njoku, Sunny O. Abarikwu, Augustine A. Uwakwe, Chidimma J. Mgbudom-Okah, Chioma Yvonne Ezirim
There were dose-dependent marked alterations in the testicular cyto-architecture of rats fed DFPS. Histological examination of the control testes showed normal architecture with no visible lesion and intact seminiferous tubules (Figure 5). In contrast, morphological aberrations were seen in the histological features of rats exposed to fluted pumpkin seed diet especially in the 10% DFPS animals were severe loss of epithelial germ cells (spermatogonia, spermatocytes and spermatids) and Sertoli cells were observed. Disorganized seminiferous epithelium, defoliation of cells into the lumen, mild loss of epithelial germ cells and degeneration of the seminiferous epithelium were most of the histological features found in the tubules of animals exposed to the 2.5% and 5% DFPS (Figure 5).
Design and in vitro release study of siRNA loaded Layer by Layer nanoparticles with sustained gene silencing effect
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2018
Yang Fei Tan, Ying Shi Lee, Li-Fong Seet, Kee Woei Ng, Tina T. Wong, Subbu Venkatraman
In this work, the designed LbL nanoparticle has two siRNA layers, the inner and outer siRNA layers. The two layers were investigated separately. To observe how long it will take for the two layers of siRNA to detach from the nanoparticles once the particles were taken up by cells, FRET pair fluorophores (Fluorescin isothiocynate (FITC) and Tetramethylrhodamine (TRITC)) were tagged to the siRNA and adjacent Poly-L-Arginine layers, respectively. To observe defoliation behavior of outer siRNA layer, outer siRNA was tagged with FITC and the adjacent inner Poly-L-Arginine layer was tagged with TRITC (HA/ARG/siRNA/ARG-TRITC/siRNA-FITC/ARG). Conversely, to observe defoliation behavior of inner siRNA layer, inner siRNA was tagged with FITC and the adjacent inner Poly-L-Arginine layer was tagged with TRITC (HA/ARG- TRITC/siRNA- FITC/ARG/siRNA/ARG). Particles (0.108 mg) were treated to 30,000 MCF cells. At stipulated time points (1 day, 4 days, 7 days, 10 days, and 14 days after treatment), the cells were trypsinized and suspended in 0.4% trypan blue, centrifuged and then suspended in 200 µL of PBS for testing with Guava flow cytometer. The cell samples were subjected to blue laser excitation (488 nm) and only the FITC tagged onto siRNA would be excited. If the adjacent TRITC-tagged Poly-L-Arginine was still in close proximity, the TRITC would be able to receive the emission from FITC and get excited to release red signals. The FRET effect was measured and compared with controls (cell samples treated with either FITC or TRITC tagged layers) over a period of time. TRITC signals were compared with TRITC signals of control cell samples treated in the same way but with particles with only TRITC-tagged Poly-L-Arginine. Similarly, FITC signals were compared with FITC signals of control cell samples treated in the same way but with particles with only FITC-tagged siRNA. That was done so as to only consider signals involved in FRET for the analysis.
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