Aquatic Phytotherapy
Namrita Lall in Medicinal Plants for Cosmetics, Health and Diseases, 2022
Earlier, Ferrat et al., (2003) reviewed the use of seagrasses as biomarkers of environmental quality and as diagnostic tools in ecotoxicological studies using detectable responses in the synthesis and accumulation of secondary metabolites, photosynthetic activity, enzymatic processes involved in nitrogen and phosphorus assimilation during light and dark reactions, hydrolysis of organic phosphate monoesters to inorganic phosphate, carbohydrate synthesis and mobilization, and other oxidative mechanisms. The identified bioindicators of metallic pollutants were Amphibolis Antarctica (Labill.) Asch., Cymodocea nodosa (Ucrea.) Asch., Cymodocea rotundata Asch. & Schweinf., Enhalus acoroides (L.f) Royles, Halodule uninervis (Forssk.) Boiss., Halophila ovalis (R.Br) Hook.f., Halophila stipulacea (Forssk.) Asch., Heterozostera tasmanica (Martens ex Ascherson), Posidonia australis Hook.f., Syringodium isoetifolium (Asch.) Dandy, Thalassia hemprichii (Ehrenb. ex Solms) Asch., Thalassodendron ciliatum (Forssk.) Hartog, Zostera marina L., Thalassia testudinum Banks ex Konig. and Zostera muelleri Irmisch ex Asch. (Ferrat et al., 2003). In addition to those just listed, Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile was regarded as a ‘classical biomarker species’ due to its high sensitivity to changes in environmental quality (Ferrat et al., 2002).
Secondary Metabolites from Lichen Genus (Ramalina Ach.): Applications and Biological Activities
Megh R. Goyal, Durgesh Nandini Chauhan in Assessment of Medicinal Plants for Human Health, 2020
Lichens are self-supporting, ecologically obligate, outstandingly successful, and stable symbiotic association of a photosynthetic partner (a photobiont: a cyanobacterium or an alga) and a fungal partner (a mycobiont: an ascomycete or basidiomycete member). It is estimated that about 19% of all fungi have been lichenized. Lichens are cosmopolitan in distribution and occur in tropical and temperate regions, deserts, arctic regions, and high mountains. Together with mosses, lichens cover about 8–10% of terrestrial ecosystems. Lichens usually occur in one of the three types of growth forms: viz. crustose, foliose, and fruticose (Fig. 13.1; Appendix I) and are capable of growing on rocks (saxicolous), soil (terricolous), barks (corticolous), and leaves (foliicolous). Lichens are considered valuable as bioindicators of air pollution. Lichens are used traditionally for purposes, such as food, fodder, spices and flavoring agents, sources of dyes, for decorative purposes, preparation of perfumes and alcohol, and as medicine to treat several diseases or disorders.
Eichhornia crassipes: Shedding Light on its Chemical Composition, Biological Activities and Industrial Uses
Mahendra Rai, Shandesh Bhattarai, Chistiane M. Feitosa in Ethnopharmacology of Wild Plants, 2021
Besides, water hyacinth could effectively remove cyanide blowdown water owing to its tremendous biomass generation. Like CN, it can also be employed to evacuate some poisons generated by paper factories that are responsible for ocean assets eutrophication (Ebel et al. 2007, Saha et al. 2018). E. crassipes also acts as an effective bioindicator of polluted water with organic matters as neonicotinoids and endocrine disruptors and thus could act as a perspective for polluted water remediation by alarming natural organic pollutants (De Laet et al. 2019, Eid et al. 2019).
Damage-Fitness Model: the missing piece in integrative stress models
Published in Stress, 2019
It has become clear that organisms’ response to a stressor is multifaceted and integrative (Romero et al., 2015). This makes it difficult to use a snapshot of one bioindicator level to assess health and condition of an animal. As previously suggested by other researchers, measuring multiple indicators of stress at multiple times will be insightful and needed. Equally important, damage and anti-damage regulators should be measured together whenever possible. This includes oxidative damage with antioxidant levels, as well as telomere length with telomerase activity. Of course, measuring mortality and reproductive success within and across generations is most informative. However, it is sometimes not feasible to measure reproductive success and mortality, sample animals repeatedly, or collect enough samples to quantify multiple physiological parameters. In those cases, the recommendation from the Damage-Fitness Model is to measure indicators of persistent damage or physiological dysregulation instead of anti-damage regulators because those regulators are often transient and improves fitness components only when capacity of the regulators to minimize damage exceeds the level of the stressor.
Bioaccumulation and health risk assessment of toxic metals in red algae in Sudanese Red Sea coast
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2021
Abuagla Y.A. Ali, Abubakr M. Idris, Mohmaed A.H. Eltayeb, Adel A. El-Zahhar, I.M. Ashraf
On the other hand, algae has proven to be reliable indicators for monitoring heavy metals in aquatic environments, in addition to their applications for the recovery of noble metals and for sequestering toxic metals (Jitar et al. 2013, Medeiros et al.2017, Bonanno and Orlando-Bonaca 2018, Sinaei et al.2018). These features are attributed to the capacity of algae to accumulate metals thousand times than seawater. In addition, algae are sedentary, widespread in distribution, available in satisfactory sizes, and easily collectible. All these features satisfy the use of algae as a bioindicator of environmental contamination (Khristoforova et al.2018, Arulkumar et al.2019).
A nonparametric statistical procedure for the detection of marine pollution
Published in Journal of Applied Statistics, 2019
Bernard Bercu, Sami Capderou, Gilles Durrieu
In this context, there is an urgent need to elaborate real-time reliable sensors in order to supervise the water quality within a decision making process. Among these sensors, bioindicators are increasingly used and are highly effective to reveal pollutions or perturbations in the aquatic systems. For example, bivalve mollusks, such as oysters, mussels, and giant clams, are relevant sentinel organisms to evaluate water quality. These bioindicators can also be considered as biological responses to climate change influencing water quality and biological organisms. One of the main challenges is to determine how bioindicators are affected by pollution and climate change.
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