Obstetrics and gynaecology
Dave Maudgil, Anthony Watkinson in The Essential Guide to the New FRCR Part 2A and Radiology Boards, 2017
Are the following statements regarding malformations of the uterus true or false? Unicornuate uterus is associated with contralateral renal agenesis.Uterus bicornis bicollis shows complete uterine division to the internal cervical os.An intercornual distance of >2 cm implies a bicornuate uterus.Bicornuate uterus is the commonest uterine anomaly.Uterus arcuatus shows bilateral abnormally curved uterine horns.
Capacitation, the Acrosome Reaction, and Motility in Mammalian Sperm
Claude Gagnon in Controls of Sperm Motility, 2020
After passing through the cervix, spermatozoa traverse the length of the uterus, either by their own flagellar activity or by some action of the uterus itself. At the anterior end of the uterus or uterine horns, they enter the oviducts through the uterotubal junction. The junction and/or the caudal portion of the oviductal isthmus apparently acts as a sperm reservoir, preventing most of the spermatozoa from continuing on to the ampulla.44 Although the uterine environment is capable of fully capacitating spermatozoa,45 the primary site for the completion of capacitation is thought to be the oviduct.33 In fact, capacitation may not even be initiated in spermatozoa destined to fertilize until they enter the oviduct, especially in species having uterine insemination sites. In some species, spermatozoa have been observed to be immobilized in the caudal isthmus.12,46 Perhaps they are inhibited from continuing or completing capacitation at this time as well. Capacitation could resume when they are released or release themselves from the isthmic reservoir. The isthmic sperm reservoir is discussed in greater detail in the chapter in this volume by Overstreet and Katz.
Structural, Biochemical, and Pharmacological Aspects of the Uterine Autonomic Innervation and Its Remodeling During Pregnancy
Gabor Huszar in The Physiology and Biochemistry of the Uterus in Pregnancy and Labor, 2020
The guinea pig is well supplied with adrenergic nerve terminals from several sources (Figure 2).16 Approximately half of the total innervation in the cervix originates from postganglionic fibers running in the hypogastric nerves, whereas the rest is comprised by fibers from the short adrenergic neurons in paracervical ganglia. The hypogastric nerves also carry fibers which contribute about one third of the adrenergic innervation in the uterine horns. One third of the supply to the horns comes from the paracervical ganglia. The remaining one third of the innervation enters the uterus via the suspensory ligaments, which attach the tubal end of the uterine horn to the lower ribs. It is notable that this latter innervation, thus representing a considerable fraction of the total norepinephrine content of the uterine horn, is restricted to a very small part of the horn adjacent to the tube; however, the adrenergic innervation here does not mix with that supplying the rest of the horns. The origin of the adrenergic nerves in the tubal end of the uterine horns is not yet established.
Rosuvastatin exposure in female Wistar rats alters uterine contractility and do not show evident (anti)estrogenic effects
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2022
Jorge Willian Franco de Barros, Patrícia Villela e Silva, Gustavo Venâncio da Silva, Katiussia Pinho da Silva, Cibele dos Santos Borges, André Mueller, Lethícia Valencise, André Sampaio Pupo, Wilma De Grava Kempinas
Six non-treated and nulliparous adult female rats (85–90 d of age; one female from each litter) were euthanized during the estrus phase of the reproductive cycle, and the uteri were collected and trimmed free of fat. One uterine ring approximately 5 mm in height was isolated from the medial part of each uterine horn. Another six untreated and nulliparous adult rats were mated with untreated male rats, during the dark period of the light/dark cycle, to obtain pregnant rats. These were then kept in individual cages until GD 20 when they were euthanized, the pregnant uteri were collected and the fetuses, placentas, and fat were removed. Two transverse uterine fragments (rings) were isolated from the middle part of the right uterine horn and another was isolated from the left uterine horn. Each uterine ring contained an implantation site for this assay. Fetuses were not considered in this study and were euthanized by decapitation.
Combined chemotherapy and allogeneic human Vγ9Vδ2 T lymphocyte-immunotherapies efficiently control the development of human epithelial ovarian cancer cells in vivo
Published in OncoImmunology, 2019
Noémie Joalland, Laura Lafrance, Thibauld Oullier, Séverine Marionneau-Lambot, Delphine Loussouarn, Ulrich Jarry, Emmanuel Scotet
For human EOC cells orthotopic implantation, NSG mice received 0,15 µg/g buprenorphine by subcutaneous injection 15 min before being anesthetized with isoflurane 2%. Skin was disinfected using povidone-iodine 5% (e.g., Vetidine) and a 5 mm incision was made, on the left flank, parallel to the spine, between the last rib and the iliac crest. Muscle and peritoneum were also incised before exteriorizing the left ovary by carefully pulling the fat attached to this organ using atraumatic forceps. Tumor cells suspended in PBS were injected directly into the ovary, using a NanoFil syringe (WPI, Sarasota, FL). After repositioning the ovary, muscles and skin were closed with Vicryl 4–0 (Ethicon, Somerville, NJ). Local analgesia was enhanced by application of lidocaine gel 2% (Xylocaine, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK) on the scar. Mice stayed in a warm environment until full recovery and received 0,15 µg/g buprenorphine twice a day for 48 h after surgery. For ovariectomy and tumor resection, anesthesia and analgesia were carried out in the same manner as described above. Skin, muscles, and peritoneum were incised on the scar. Next, the left ovary and uterine horn were exposed and clamped close to the bottom of the uterine horn. A single ligature was placed around the uterine horn and blood vessels before being cut just above the clamp and the ligature.
Gonadal hormones influence core body temperature during calorie restriction
Published in Temperature, 2019
Rigo Cintron-Colon, Kokila Shankar, Manuel Sanchez-Alavez, Bruno Conti
Data presented in Figure 1, gonadectomy was performed after a month of being back to ad libitum feeding and 2 wk post-surgery recovery, animals were subjected to the CR regimen described below. Gonadectomy in female mice was performed as previously described [19,46,47]. Briefly, the anesthetized animal with isoflurane was placed in ventral recumbency, and the mid-dorsal region was carefully shaved. A small (approx. 0.5 cm) lateral incision was made through the skin of the back of the mouse in the mid-lumbar region. The skin was slid from side-to-side to locate the position of the ovaries beneath the peritoneal wall. While holding the abdominal wall up, a small incision was made in the abdominal wall over the ovarian fat pad and the ovary exteriorized. The ligaments were carefully torn to release the ovary. A clamp was placed across the tip of the uterine horn, and a ligature was placed just underneath the tip of the uterine horn. The ovary/oviduct was removed by cutting above the ligature. The uterine horn was repositioned into the body cavity. The abdominal wall was closed with one or two simple interrupted sutures. This procedure was repeated for removal of the second ovary. The skin incision was closed with vicryl rapide suture. Post-surgery the animal was administered with the analgesic flunixin 0.25mg/ml to reduce pain.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Egg Cell
- Ovarian Ligament
- Ovary
- Mons Pubis
- Uterus
- Fallopian Tube
- Round Ligament of Uterus
- Pregnancy